Study On Psychological Factors Of Re-offending Behaviors In The Male And Adult Recidivists

Objective: To explore the related psychological factors of re-offendeding behaviors, And provide scientific evidence for the mental rectification and treatment of the recidivists by screening the closely-related factors.Methods: Data collected from 200 offenders in prison were analyzed through a record designed by our institution which included demographic and criminological characteristics items, Structured Clinical Interview For DSM-ⅣAxisⅡ(SCID-Ⅱ), Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), in order to investigate the correlation between them and the re-offending behaviors. The statistical description,t-testN chisquare test, pearson correlation, principal components analysis and logistic regression analysis were used in the study.Results: 1.Comparison of data between the recidivists and the first offenses: There were significant differences on the educational level (χ~2=8.363, P=0.003), drugs abuse (χ~2=4.582, P=0.032) and type of crime (χ~2=14.561, P=0.024) between two groups.2. Comparison of psychological factors between the recidivists and the first offenses There were significant differences on the feelings of warmth and understanding(t=-2.481, P=0.011), the severe punishment (t=3.546, P=0.000) and refuse or denial (t=2.409, P=0.019) in father's rearing patterns, and the feelings of warmth and understanding(t=-3.447, P=0.000), refuse or denial (t=2.108, P=0.028) and excessive protection(t=2.716, P=0.008)in mother's rearing patterns between the two groups. In childhood traumatic experiences, there were significant differences on emotional abuse (t=2.067, P=0.036), physical abuse (t=3.363, P=0.000) and emotional neglect (t=2.742, P=0.003) between the two groups. In the two groups, there were significant differences on in immature defense mechanism (t=2.255, P=0.019) and the intermediate defense mechanism (t=2.184,P=0.041).3. The principal component analysis and regression analysis of Psychological factors of re-offending behaviors:Five main components eigenvalue bigger than 1 were extracted through the principal component analysis, which can explained 67.489% of the total variance. After oblique rotation for all factors, the load factor is less than 0.3 were deleted. Then five principal components were drawn, Fl-emotional neglect(negative correlation with parental warmth and understanding, positive correlation with emotional neglect); F2-abused (positive correlation with physical abuse, father's severe punishment); F3-coping style (positive correlation with immature defense style and intermediate defense style); F4-interference(positive correlation with parental excessive interference and protection); F5-denial and preference(positive correlation with father's denial and mother's preference). The logistic regression analysis was conducted with recidivist as the dependent variable and five principal components, personality disorders, drug use and educational level as the independent variables, indicating that emotional neglect (P=0.009, OR=2.840), personality disorder (P=0.002, OR=3.116) and drug use(P=0.045, OR=1.108)remained the regression equation.4.Comparison of data between personality disorders group and nonpersonality disorders group in the recidivists:There were significant differences on the drugs (χ~2=5.195, P=0.023) and alcohol abuse (χ~2=7.525, P=0.006) between two groups. There were significant differences on the immature defense style and the middle-defense style between two groups. Except father's preference of parental rearing patterns, there were significant differences on the other factors between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the father's severe punishment (P=0.000, OR=2.022), also emotional warmth and understanding (p=0.019, OR=0.640) remained regression equation, and the mother's emotional warmth, understanding (P=0.003, OR=0.471) and excessive interference or protection (P=0.011, OR=1.904) remained the regression equation..In childhood trauma experiences, except physical neglect, there were significant differences on the other factors between two groups. Childhood traumatic experiences were significantly correlation with group B personality disorders (especially borderline, antisocial personality disorder). Physical abuse (P=0.002, OR=1.718) and emotional neglect (P=0.032, OR=1.401) remained the regression equation of antisocial personality disorder, emotional neglect (P=0.028, OR=1.779) and sexual abuse (P=0.001, OR=2.182) remained the regression equation of the borderline personality disorder. Except histrionic personality disorder (r=-0.267) negatively correlating with the mask factor, the other personality disorder were positively correlated with the immature defense mechanism or the intermediate defense mechanism.Conclusions: 1.Compared with the first offenses, recidivists had lower educational level and high rate of drug abuse, moreover the type of crime were mainly theft and robbery.2.Compared with the first offenses, the prevalence rate of personality disorders was higher, and the characteristic of parental rearing patterns was low education emotional warmth and understanding, high refuse or denial and excessive protection. Emotional neglect, physical abuse and neglect were obvious in the recidivists. The recidivists mostly took the immature or intermediate psychological defense mechanism.3.Compared with the non-personality disorders, recidivists with personality disorders had high rate of drug and alcohol abuse. Personality disorders of the recidivists were impacted by parental emotional warmth and understanding, the father's severe punishment, the mother's excessive interference or protection, emotional neglect, physical abuse, the immature and intermediate psychological defense mechanism.4.Personality disorders, emotional neglect and drugs abuse were the risk factors of re-offending behaviors. Psychological treatment should focus on strengthening the emotional understanding and investment to the recidivists, and the re-offending behaviors could reduce by decreasing bad educational patterns or cultivating good coping style.