| As the fact that aging of population, dietary habit changing and society mentality, constipation has already become one of the key factors perplexing modernist's quality of life. Chronic constipation is a common clinical symptom arising from various causes, that is showing dry and hard stool, decrease of defecation times, having difficult in defecation, and absence of defecation awareness. Slow transit constipation (STC), which is the most common type in functional constipation (FC), has showing some main symptoms----colon motility being weakened or (and) disturbanced, the speed of stool pushing forward slowing down and emptying slow. It is reported that STC accounting for 10.3%-45.5% of FC and have an increasing trend. Purgatives abuse encountered many times clinically, that is especially worsened the occurrence of STC.In recent years, seeking and developing the high-effect, low-poison and cheap natural medicine has become the hot spot in the new drug researching and exploitating in the world. More than two thousand years ago, traditional Chinese medical has known the STC symptom to some extents and has accumulated many documents and experience in clinical practice in past dynasties. However, differences exist between doctors, and these cause difficult in application and dissemination. Atractylodes macrocephalae koedz (Baizhu) begins listing as the highest grade with"Shen Nong's Herbal". It can reinforce the spleen and the stomach , eliminate dampness and regulate the stomach, which also can cure"constipation". At present, pharmacology studies of Baizhu are much together in developing immunity from resisting disease, anti-tumors, diuresis, anti-ulcer and so on, while reports adout the effect on gastrointestinal motility are disaccording. Studies on the effect and mechanism in treating STC are also coming up to a very few number. Big dosages of raw Baizhu get the fairly good curative effect in curing STC clinically, and the extracts (the aqueous extract and the alcohol extract) haven't been reported in curing STC. Our study use the compound diphenoxylate(DC) capitaling a model to find the differences between these two extracts in treating STC mice by observing the mouth-anus transferring time, change of wet weight and moisture content in stool , and find the effect on vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) and substance P(SP) in the proximate and the distal end colons. The aims of this study are to provide some certain basis of the pharmacology studying of the raw Baizhu curing STC, and durg exploitation and clinical application.Part I points out the pathogenesis of STC is the deficiency of the spleen, the large intestine transmitting without enough strength cording to the cognition of the modern medicine and the traditional Chinese medicine to STC, summarizes the shortcoming and forte of the medicine which curing the STC at present, analyses the effect of raw Baizhu in curing STC from reports, theories and clinics, and then sets the suitable dosages of single taste are 60g/d.Part II use the DC to irrigate the mice's stomach 50 mg/kg lasting ten days, and record the mouth-anus transferring time, 3h stool weight (wet weight), 3h stool moisture content, 3-24h stool weight (wet weight), 3-24h stool moisture content, then observe the above-mentioned indices in natural convalescent stage. Result: During the model-capitaling time, five indices without exception have obvious differences from the normal, which is in line with the feature that intestinal transmission slowing down obviously, stool amounts decreasing, stool being dry and hard; However, in natural convalescent stage, each index can improve gradually to recover, but 3-24h stool moisture content has recovered to the state that being no difference compared with normal time (P>0.05) and the other four indices haven't restored to regular level (P<0.01). It can be seen that STC of the mice does not get improvement in natural ten days recovery process. This can explain that STC is a functional disease having self-cure inclination, and STC mice model has the certain stability at the same time.Part III :We extracts raw Baizhu with water and alcohol, than use the extracts to cure STC mice at the same time observing the changes of above-mentioned five indices Result: Every group of aqueous extract mouth-anus transmission time is shorter than alcohol extract without exception; 3h wet stool weight, 3h stool moisture content and 3-24h wet stool weight of every aqueous extract group is better than every alcohol extract group, and effect of Tegaserod is between aqueous extract and alcohol extract; while there is no notable difference together in every group of 3-24h stool moisture content. There is no mice diarrhea in the experiment. It is visible that the aqueous extract of raw Baizhu is better than the alcohol extract in treating STC. The aqueous extract can accelerate intestines transferring, promote defecating, and soften stool.Part IV applies the method of immunohistochemistry, observeing the change of VIP and SP of myenteric plexus in the proximate and the distal end colons, comparing the differences between the aqueous extract and the alcohol extract's functions in changing nerve peptide (neurokinin), and investigate the mechanism of raw Baizhu in curing STC initially. Result: The aqueous extract is still better than the alcohol extract in changing VIP and SP in the proximate and the distal end colons, and the effect is well-balanced with Tegaserod. Aqueous extract has"overdoing in rectifying behavour"in changing VIP and SP in colons, but has no difference with the regular scheduled time; the alcohol extract is inferior to the aqueous extract, but it still has some certain effects. It can be seen that one possible mechanism of curing STC by the aqueous extract of raw Baizhu is that it can degrade the VIP contents, elevate SP contents in myenteric plexus and make them return to normal. This effect is stronger than the alcohol extract, and the aqueous extract is corresponding with Tegaserod.To sum up, raw Baizhu has fairly good treatment to STC caused by DC, and the aqueous extract is better than the alcohol extract, it can accelerate intestines transferring, promote defecating, and soften stool. With no mice has diarrhea and high survival rate, one possible mechanism is that it can degrade the VIP contents and elevate SP contents in myenteric plexus, and make them return to normal. |
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