Study On Effects Of Anti-bronchial Asthma Of Periostracum Cicadae And Pharmaco-Mechanisms

Objective: The bronchus asthma is a chronic disease of respiratory system and belongs to the scope of"cough","asthma"in TCM. In recent years, with the air pollution, the bronchus asthma becomes a serious health problem in the world. The increasing people are suffered from this diease. Although westen medical science has taken some achievements in therapeutics, but dispute exsits. The medical history about Chinese herbal medicine treated the asthma is very long. Antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of Periostracum Cicadae are extensively applied to the cough and bronchus asthma application, and obtain the very good treatment in clinic. This paper proofs that the anti-tussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects of the water extraction of Periostracum Cicadae and its mechanisms were investigated in order to provide the theories with the medicine to meet the clinical diagnosis and treatments.Methods:1 Antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects of Periostracum Cicadae in general animal experiments⑴Antitussive effect of CPE: Nebulization of strong ammonia was used. 40 mice were randomly divided into the model group (which was abbreviated to"M group"), the low-dose Periostracum Cicadae extract group(which was abbreviated to"L group"), the high-dose Periostracum Cicadae extract group (which was abbreviated to"H group") and the pentoxyerine control group (which was abbreviated to"P group"). The incubation period of cough and times in every groups were recorded from begining ammonia spray to presenting cough.⑵Expectorant effect of CPE:Tracheal phenol red secretion were used . 60 mice were randomly divided into M, H, L and FG groups. According to phenol red standard cures, Phenol red secretions in every groups were calculated.⑶Antiasthmatic effect of CPE:Asthmogenic method by nebulization induced through acetylcholine bromide and histamine phosphate were adopted. 32 Guinea pig were randomly divided into M, H, L and aminophylline groups. The latent period of asthmatic model in inhaling 0.1 % His or 0.1% His and 2% Ach were recorded after administration of CPE.2 Effects of CPE on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscleGuinea pig (400~550g) was killed with a single blow on head, the bronchus which was made tracheal ring (3~5mm) were removed and placed in cold (0~4℃) oxygenated (95%O2 and 5%CO2) Krebs. One side of the preparation was fixed to organ baths (34.5~35.5℃) oxygenated (95%O2 and 5%CO2) Krebs solution and the another was linked with MS4000U-1C biological signal disposal system into the computer and record the datas. Tracheal ring from Guinea pig were suspended in organ baths (37℃) oxygenated (95%O2 and 5%CO2) K-R solution. The following experiments were used on isolated guinea pig tracheae to explain CPE to the influence of the smooth muscle in bronchus tension function.3 Effects of PCE on the serum of bronchial Asthma rats and Pathological Changes of pneumono-tissueIt was estanblished rat asthma model provoked with ovalbumin and sets up five groups (normal control group, model control group, the high and low dose CPE group and Dex control group). At the end of the experiment, using the radioimmunity to determinate the content of IL-2, IL-5, NO, NOS, 6-Keto-PGF1αand TXB2 of serum as well as pathological Changes of pneumono-tissue in order to further investigate the pharmaco-Mechanisms of Anti-bronchial asthma of CPE.Results:1 Antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects of Periostracum Cicadae in general animal experiments⑴Antitussive effect of CPEResult showed that the incubation period of cough H group (38.60±8.32) and L group (32.20±14.01) compared with M control (18.70±9.21) were prolonged obviously(P<0.01, P<0.05); H (8.10±3.25) and L group (8.90±3.57) compared with M group (12.70±6.11), the cough times reduce obviously(P<0.01, P<0.05).⑵Expectorant effect of CPECPE at low concentration showed the expectorant effect. Expectorant effect on H (0.95±0.61) and L (1.00±0.55) compared with M group (0.54±0.32) increase (P<0.05).⑶Antiasthmatic effect of CPE①The anti-asthmatic effect of CPE on guinea pig asthma model provoked with 4% AchResult indicated that H (75.50±12.28) and L group (71.83±21.76) compared with M group (58.83±21.20) are not different (P>0.05), namely asthmatic effect of CPE on guinea pig asthma model provoked with 4% Ach did not exist.②The anti-asthmatic effect of CPE on guinea pig asthma model provoked with 2% Ach and 0.1% HisResult manifestation: H group (94.50±9.09), compared with M group (78.67±16.57), showed antiasthmatic effect (P<0.05).2 Effects of CPE on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscleTo investigate the effects of CPE on isolated guinea pig tracheae, by measuring the force of isolated guinea pig tracheal rings, explains the influence on bronchus tension function of TSM. We observed that CPE had no inhibitory effects on isolated guinea-pig tracheae TSM induced by Ach and His. 3 Effects of PCE on the serum of bronchial Asthma rats and Pathological Changes of pneumono-tissue⑴The asthma rats provoked with ovalbumin generally perform uneasy and hyperactive in pre-10 minutes, while in post-20 mins motionless, in low spirits, seriously crane one's neck etc. The obvious performation showed the success to build the model.⑵Pathological Changes of pneumono-tissueN group: The construction of bronchus and the lung histissure is normal, the tube has no the liquid. M group: Endothelial cells of tunica bronchiorum serious necrosis, ablate, tegnosis of lumens, tube wall not smooth, the part of skin lacking, glandula accrementition, basal thickening, the liquid exudation, bronchus, large inflammatary cells, the Eos exsits largely. Tube congestion, dropsy, vessel expansion. Dex group: The lung bellows is basic-normal, endothelial cells of tunica mucosa bronchiorum complete, the tube has no the exudation, sometimes, the beaker cellular proliferation with the inflamed cells. H group: Pathological Changes of lung morphology and bronchial epidermis damage in H group are improved remarkably, the mucous membrane gland proliferation, basilar membrane accumulation. The inflammatary cell of the bronchus and lung tissues reduce obviously, the basic wall smooth. L group: the bronchial epidermis damage are improved remarkably, the mucous membrane proliferation, endothelial cells of tunica mucosa bronchiorum complete, on the bronchus the skin is complete, the secretion reduces .⑶The changes of IL-2, IL-5, NO, NOS, 6-Keto-PGF1α, TXB2 in serum of bronchial Asthma rats①The effects of CPE on IL-2, IL-5 in serum of bronchial Asthma ratsResult manifested that IL-2 and IL-5 of serumin in M (10.96±0.94, 31.13±2.23) compared with N group (7.73±0.81, 20.19±1.52) increase obviously(P<0.01). IL-2 and IL-5 of serumin in H (9.45±0.94, 27.72±1.77) and L group (9.94±1.01, 28.70±1.58) were significantly decreased,compared with M group (10.96±0.94, 31.13±2.23)(P<0.01).②The effects of CPE on NO, NOS in serum of bronchial Asthma ratsResult showed that NO of serumin in M group (92.17±15.67) compared with N group (36.76±8.32) increases obviously(P<0.01). NO of serumin H (59.09±9.62) and L group (65.16±7.46) were significantly decreased compared with M (92.17±15.67)(P<0.01, P<0.05). NOS of serumin in M group (21.15±2.84) compared with N group (19.03±1.91) increases insignificantly (P>0.05).③The effects of CPE on TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1αin serum of bronchial Asthma ratsTXB2/6-Keto-PGF1αof serum in M group (6.38±2.44) compared with N group(0.90±0.18) increase obviously (P<0.01). TXB2 of serum in H (204.13±33.32) and L group (225.81±39.39) were significantly decreased compared with M group (277.13±69.63()P<0.01, P<0.05). 6-Keto-PGF1αof serum in H (80.62±16.08) and L group (75.45±19.09) were significantly increased compared with M group ( P<0.01, P<0.05).Conclusion:1 CPE was showed obviously the antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects , especially the antitussive and expectorant effects.2 CPE has no effects on the basic tension of TSM in bronchus in guinea pig, and has no anti-function with the smooth muscle contraction in bronchus that Ach and His induced. The result showed that the anti-asthmatic effect on the general animal dose not depend directly on the smooth muscle relaxation.3 CPE can decrease IL-2 and IL-5 of the allergy serum, affect on NO, reduce the release of TXA2 and PGs. Pathological Changes of lung are improved remarkably, the mucous membrane gland proliferation, asthma pathology change and basilar membrane accumulation. So CPE can degrade the AHR. This paper showed that the pharmaco-Mechanisms of Anti-bronchial asthma of CPE is not the directly relaxant effect on the isolated guinea-pig tracheal but by decreasing IL-2, IL-5,NO, TXB2 of serum and eroion of inflamentry cells.