| Hypertension is not only a risk of cardiovascular events,but also one of the most serious diseases that damage the health of people in the world. China has been entering into senile society. The prevalence of elderly hypertensive is increasing gradually. It has been the focus of studies in many fields.There are many diffrence between the elderly hypertention patients and adult hypertention patients, such as autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, sclerosis of arteries, target organs damage. With aging , the old man happened the large arteriy of degeneration.The increasing of A Ges can change the structural components of vessel wall. The elasticity and compliance of vessels decrease. This contributes to an augmentation of peak systolic pressure and a reduction in diastolic pressure and consequently an increased in pulse pressure. The increasing of SBP can accelerate the burthen of left ventricular, oxygen consumption of myocardium,which cause left ventricular hypertrophy. All the changes will cause that left ventricular diastolic and systolic function decrease. Because of the decreased DBP, the volume of vascular blood flow decrease, which shows target organs'perfuse decreases, So the complications are severe and more. The plasma neuroendocrine hormone level is changing with age. The level of. plasma rennin activity (PRA),plasma concentration of angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (Ald) were decreased. Sensitivity ofβ-adrenegic receptor is also decreased.The degrees of neurohumoral regulation and carotid sinus baroreceptor (CSB) sensitivity decrease.All the changes cause dizziness, wavy blood pressure and white coat hypertension (WCH), According to the recent studies,the major risk factors of hypertention include: age, sex, dietary nutrients, obesity, heart rate, family history of hypertension.The elder hypertensive patients easily combine obesity diabetes mellitus, dyslipidosis and other metabolism diseases. Most of the elderly hypertension patients easily get many cardiovascular disease risk factors. Comprehensive intervention for multiple risk factor clustering should be strengthened to reduce the overall risk of CVD. The increase of age is an important factor affecting the pathogenesis of the elderly hypertension. We should assess the elderly hypertension according to the following three aspects: To assess the level of blood pressure,the damage of target organs and the risk factors. 332 cases of hypertension were analysed retrospectively in the physical examination center of our hosptital. The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics and the relative risk factors of the elder hypertensive patients, to improve participant's knowledge. Eventually, we provided the strategy and measurement to prevent and control hypertension.Methods: Three hundred and thirty-two hypertensive patients [SBP≥140mmHg and (or) DBP≥90mmHg] were divided into adult group (age<60 years old, n=124 subjects) and elderly group (age≥60 years old, n=208 subjects). We collected data by questionnaire interview (family history and behavior risk factors), anthropometric measurements (height, WC, hip circumference, weight, blood pressure), physical examination, laboratory examination (serum creatinine,blood sugar, blood lipid and quantitative test for urinary) and physical examination (electrocardiogram,ultrasound,chest X-ray). The data of blood pressure, risk factors, target organs damage were analyzed.Results: The most of patients were stage 2 hypertension patients in two groups. The prevalence of the increased pulse pressure was 55.8% and isolated systolic hypertension was 46.2% in the elder hypertensive patients. They are higher than in control group (P<0.01). All the elderly hypertensive patients were divided into four subgroups according to the level of age (60 years old≤age<70 years old,70 years old≤age<80 years old age, age≥80 years old). The levels of diastolic blood pressure were 152mmHg,159mmHg and 162mmHg; The levels of systolic blood pressure were 93mmHg,88mmHg and 84mmHg; The prevalence of ISH was increased in terms of every 10 years. 67.% elder hypertensive patients had one and more cardiovascular risk factors. The incidence rate of diabetes and hyperlipidemia was higher in the elderly hypertension group than in the control group. There are significant diference. (P<0.05). But the prevalence of other risk factors was no statistical significance between two groups, such as family history of CHD,smoking and drinking history,obesity. The elderly hypertensive patients were found to have higher serum levels of TC, LDL. There was significant diference between two groups. The incidence rate of arrhythmia and cerebral infarction was higher in the elderly hypertension group than in the control group. there are significant diference. (P<0.01) The prevalence of target organs damage was no significant diference in various pulse pressure groups (P>0.05) in senile essential hypertension.Conclusion: The increasing of blood pressure was no significance. The most of patients with senile hypertension was stage 2, 1 hypertension patients. In elderly group with hypertension, the character blood pressure indicates the increase in systolic,decrease in diastolic and the increase in pulse pressure with age. The increase of age was the most important factors affecting the prevalence. Isolated systolic hypertension is the main hypertension subtype in the elderly hypertension patients. The prevalence of ISH was remarkably incresely with age since 60 years old.Most of the elderly hypertension patients easily combine other cardiovascular disease risk factors,such as diabetes,hyperlipidemia.The results of study testify that the prevalence of mtabolic syndrome is higher. The elder hypertensive patients have more obvious damage of target organs, such as heart, brain, kidney and so on.
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