| Purpose:Caveolin-1 is a major structural component of caveolae, which are plasma membrane microdomains implicated in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Caveolin-1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of numerous signaling cascades, including receptor and onreceptor tyrosine kinases(epidermal growth factor, Neu and Src family tyrosine kinases), protein kinase C, heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunits and endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Previous studies of the expression and function of caveolin-1 in cancer have shown controversial results, indicating that the physiological role of caveolin-1 varies according to cancer type. Increased caveolin-1 expression has been reported to be associated with shortened progression-free survival and lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer, progression of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, high grade bladder cancer, poor prognosis of pancreas cancer and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.These studies indicate that caveolin-1 functions as a tumor metastasis and progression promoting molecule. On the other hand, caveolin-1 has been implicated in the inhibition of cancer progression. For example, caveolin-1 expression is frequently lost in human malignant neoplasms, including colon cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer and sarcoma.Thus, the physiological role of caveolin-1 in cancer cells is quite complicated depending on cancer origin and other various circumstances. However, the clinicopathological impact of caveolin-1 expression in patients with hyperpharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(HSCC) is not well clarified. We evaluated caveolin-1 expression in HSCC and investigated its association with pathological features. Materials and Methods:Caveolin-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antibody against caveolin-1 in 69 paraffin embedded primary HSCC and 10 normal hyperpharyngeal mucosa specimens. When more than 50% of all cancer cell cytoplasm stained, the tumor was considered caveolin-1 positive. Associations between caveolin-1 expression, and pathological features were analyzed. The chi-square test was used to assess the association of caveolin-1 expression levels and pathological features. Results:1. Expression of caveolin-1 in HSCC specimens.Caveolin-1 immunostaining was observed at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of hyperpharyngeal cells, as evidenced by the presence of granular immunoreactive products in tumor specimens, although the degree of staining varied among tumors. Caveolin-1 immunostaining was frequently present in vascular endothelial cells. The immunohistochemistry result showed that the caveolin-1 expression in HSCC was much higher than the normal mucosa. The positive rate of caveolin-1 of HSCC and normal mucosa groups were 34.78% and 0% respectively, and there is a significant difference between them (P＜0.05).2. Relationships between caveolin-1 expression and pathological features.The caveolin-1 staining of HSCC different differentiation showed that there is a trend of gradually rising of caveolin-1 expression as the pathological grading increases. And caveolin-1 expression of the well differentiated group is significantly lower than that of poor differentiated groups (P＜0.05).3. Relationship between caveolin-1 expression and lymph node metastasis.Although no significant associations between caveolin-1 expression, gender and primary position were observed ,there is a significant difference between lymphatic metastasis positive and negative groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Caveolin-1 over expression could be a common finding in aggressive forms of HSCC. Caveolin-1 might have an important role in the invasion and metastatic progression of HSCC. Objective The purpose of the present paper is to analyse the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of carotid body tumors. Methods Seven patients with CBT had been hospitalized at our department between 2003 and 2006. The clinical data was analyzed retrospectively. Results The preoperative evaluation included angiography in 7 patients. Most of them had an asymptomatic cervical lateral mass. Only one patient had the hoarseness and bucking and was given radiation therapy alone. Six of seven patients with carotid body tumour underwent surgery. Tumor excision was performed in 4.Carotid artery resection with the tumor was required in 2 patients and in the both, interposition of a 7-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed .During the resection, temporary carotid shunt was required in two patients. All tumors by surgery were identified as carotid paragangliomas without evidence of malignancy. There was no mortality and no hemiplegia. After surgery, temporary cranial nerve dysfunction was noted in one case. In the follow-up period of 2 months to 2 years, no recurrent disease occurred. The patient's tumor who accepted radiotherapy was in the stable stage under the half year follow up. Conclusions With non-invasive investigation and arteriography it was possible to obtain an early and precise diagnosis. The surgical management was the major treatment of these tumors. The pattern of operation should be chosen according to the relation of tumor and carotid .The decision to perform simple tumor excision or additional arterial resection was based on diagnostic preoperative and after the arterial resection thepolytetrafluoroethylene graft would be used for carotid reconstruction.
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