Carcinoma of the maxillary sinus is one of the most common malignant tumors of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, which is sometimes misdiagnosed as other disease of maxillary sinus, such as chronic maxillary sinusitis and mycotic maxillary sinusitis, etc., mainly because of its concealment and lack of typical clinical manifestation. A patient with carcinoma of the maxillary sinus was reported, who was in hospital primarily as a mycotic maxillary sinusitis. A discussion on the etiology, pathology, clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination, and therapy between carcinoma of the maxillary sinus and mycotic maxillary sinusitis has been made, to supply evidence for identification between carcinoma of the maxillary sinus and mycotic maxillary sinusitis to avoid similar misdiagnosis.
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