| Objectives: To investigate the expression of Flt3 gene in acute leukemia and indicate the relation between the expression of Flt3 gene and the occurrence or the development of the disease.Methods: The separation method of lymphoblasts was applied to isolate the bone marrow mononuclear cells. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Flt3 gene in leukemia cell lines (HL-60 , NB4 and K562), 65 acute leukemia patients, 7 normal bone marrow samples ,5 samples of patients with ITP and 3 samples of AA.Results: The high level of the Flt3 mRNA in primary AML blasts from 56 patients' bone marrow was 41.7% with no apparent predominance of any of the M1-M6subtypes, Flt3 mRNA in ALL was also found at high level in 35.3%. The expression of Flt3 was positive in HL-60 , NB4 and K562 cell lines while negative in control group. When the patients were in complete remission (CR), the expression could be changed from positive to negative. But the positive rate was continual if the leukemia cases were non-remission (NR) and partial remission. The expression changed from positive to negative when he was in complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy, but 2 months before the relapse the reverse transmition reoccurred.Conclusion: For the over expression of Flt3 gene in acute leukemia and the relation with the development of diseases, Flt3 gene will hopefully become a symbolic gene during the course of diagnosis and treatment in acute leukemia, and will play an important role in the monitor of minimal residual disease (MRD). As an important targeted therapy molecular, Flt3 supplies the new way to the leukemia therapy.
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