An Experimental Study To Observe The Protective Effect Of GM₁ On Brain Damage Caused By Febrile Seizures In Developmental Rat

IntroductionFebrile seizure (FS) is common in developmental children and repeated FS may cause brain damage and remnant hypophrenia or dystropy for brain hypoxia - ischemia, even sequelae such as seizure. GM₁ is a main kind of ganglioside. After central nerve is damaged, endogenous GM₁ is in deficiency and extroge-nous GM₁ permeates the blood -brain barrier to congregate around the destroied regions and integrated with serous coat of cells , the drug effect is worked by the action of endocytosis and by its interaction with membrane protein. Recently, many researchers have found that GM₁ inhibits the pathogenesis of hypoxia - ischemia brain damage(HIBD) and protects brain. Now, GM₁ is used to treat neonatal HIE in pediatrics in China and few clinical reports was found about its effect on FS. Aim: During this study, hot bath was used to produce developmental FS rat model (21 days old) , drugs were given by intra - abdominal injection to observe the seizure latency period, seizure duration and seizure severity in experimental and control groups in continuous ten days to discuss if GM₁ inhibited the brain damage in FS rat.Materials and Methods1. Animals and medicines (1) Animals:21 days old rats from animal department of Shenyang pharmacological university were included. Referring literature 1 and 5 , hot bath was adopted to produce FS rat models. Screening rats were divided into three groups randomly.(2) Medicines:GMj which was made in TRB Medicine Company Argentin was used.2. Methods and groups (1) FS Group:Rats were induced to FS at the same time everyday by hot bath method. The bath duration was 5 mins or till seizure onset. It continued for 10 days and 10 times of FS were induced for everyone. No other management was permitted.(2)GM, interference group:GMj solution was given at 20mg/kg(2ml/kg) intra -abdominal injection , 30 min before FS induced. Other steps were the same with FS group.(3) Normal saline control group:Normal saline was given at 2ml/kg inter -abdominal injection ,30 min before FS induced. Other steps were the same with FS group.3. Dates observed and results identified(1) Seizure latency period:It was from putting rat into hot bath to seizure onset, the unit was minute.(2) Seizure duration:It was from seizure onset to the endpoint of seizure, the unit was second.(3) Severity of seizure:Grade 0, without seizure;grade I , face convulsion;grade II , nodding;grade IH , fore - limb convulsion;grade IV , spasticity;grade V , tonoclonicity. They show degrees of severity and states of seizures.4. Statistical analysisAll datas were expressed as mean ( M ) ± standard deviation ( SD ) and SPSS10. 0 was used. Analysis of variance and paired q test was adopted, and Ridit analysis was used for ranked datas. Test level wasa =0.05.Results1. Seizure latency period;The latency period of GMj group was prolonged and it was the longest one. The sensitivity of rat to FS was inhibited and the possiblity of FS was decreased. There were statistical significants between GMj group and FS or NS groups (q = 3.44,3.95 ,P <0. 05 ). There was no statistical significant between FS and NS groups (q=2.54,P>0.05).2. Seizure duration;The duration of GMj group was (47 ±34) s and was the shortest one. The durations of FS and NS groups were (66 ± 32) s and (66 ± 32) s respectly, longer than GMt group. There were statistical significants between GMj group and FS or NS groups( q =3. 61,4.03 ,P <0.05). There was no statistical significant between FS and NS groups ( q = 2. 73 ,P > 0.05).3. Severity of seizure;The possibility of severe seizure onset in grade IV and V was decreased to 67. 0% after GMj administration, but it was 81.0% and 83. 0% respectly in FS and NS groups. Ridit analysis showed;there were statistical significants between GMj group and FS or NS groups (p < 0. 05);no statistical significant between FS and NS groups.ConclusionGMj prolonged the seizure latency period of 21 days old rat and shortened the duration, and the possibility of severe seizure onset of rat was decreased. In conclusion, GMj is effective to inhibit the brain damage caused by FS.