| The Advers Drug Reaction (ADR) mornitoring was first started at the 1980s' in China, after 20 years development, it has been widely used as a tool for surveillance. The ADR mornitoring is the most important position and responsibility for each country, it is also a method for them to ensure the drug security and safeguard health of the public. In recent years, there are so many ADR event appears, such as the PPA event in 2000, the basting event in 2001, the AT-1727 event in 2002, the liver-purging pill and expelling of toxin caps event in 2003 and the astemizol event in 2004, all these event sufficiently demonstrated that the ADRs are characteristic in happened frequently, difficult to predict and harmful to health. As the reasons above, more and more people are paying attention to the ADRs medication and sensitive to the medical cost. They begin to discuss the contribution on hospitalization, attack rate, death-rate, and cost, which can influence the health resource.This research has been divided into three parts. In this research, I do systematically aggregate analyze the 4491 cases of reports, which were provided by the ADR monitoring center of shanghai, and analyze the dependability between the ADRs and ages, gender, administration route, and the identity of the reportors. I also do a further resarech on the 2277 cases reports of skin and its' accessories damaging, to investigate all kinds of clinical situations, correlated drugs and influence factor of this ADRs. At the same time, 234 cases of reports of cefoperazone and its' compound preparation ADRs have been screening. I do a estimation on the medication and cost of the skin and its' accessories ADRs, in order to discuss a kind of optimical programe on ADRs medication, and to enhancement the rational administration in clinic. I also give my opinion on how to sovle some problems in the ADRs reports simultaneously.Primary part a aggregate analysis on the 4491 cases of ADRs —\ ObjectiveTo make a aggregate analysis on the 4491 cases of ADRs from age and ADRs, gender and ADRs, administration route and ADRs, and reporters and ADRs. To summary the clinical manifestation of ADRs, which were induced by drugs, and provide safety and reasonable administration reference for clinical. ^, MethodsTo carry on the study of the 4491 cases of ADRs reports through a retrospective way, and screening them by Access 2003 and Excel 2003. ￡> ResultsAfter an entirety analysis, we can find that there are so many problems in the ADRs reports, the quality of all the reports are in a low position. Drugs-induced ADRs are concentrated in anti-infective drugs, psych-drugs, antitumor drugs. The main reflection of ADRs is skin and its' accessories damaging. In this research, I also found 3 cases of new and serious ADRs, which may cause the doctors' attention. Meanwhile, I found that female is easier to suffer ADRs as to male, and the injection administration cause most of the ADRs. 0, ConclusionsThe ADRs reports should be improved step by step, in order to support more and more sufficient and concrete data. When the doctors use some drugs which will induce ADRs, they should pay attention to them and diagnosis as soon as possible.Second part Analysis on the skin and its' accessories damaging of 2077 cases of reports—, objectiveTo make an analysis on the 2077 ADRs of skin and its' accessories damaging. And to investigate the association between age and ADRs and gender and ADRs, as well as screening the main type of the skin and its' accessories and the drugs that induced ADRs. I, MethodsTo rethospective analysis combined with descriptive epidemiology.Screening the data by Access 2003 and Excel 2003. H> ResultsAccording to skin and its' accessories damaging, female are subject to suffer these ADRs than male. Drug induced skin and its' accessories are common in two years old children;and it is seldom occurred at 10~ 20a. At the age of 53, it is another high appearance phase. There are three kind of drug that can induce such ADRs, they are the third generation cephalosporin, especially the cefoperazone sodium and cefotaxime sodium. Both the two drugs are in the first and second place of which can induce skin and its' accessories damaging. The most popular type of skin and its' accessoried damaging is hives. 29> ConclusionsCefoperazone sodium is frequently used in clinical. Skin and its' accessories damaging is popular in ADRs. When we use such drugs, we should pay more attention to their ADRs.Third part medication and cost analysi on skin and its' accessories damaging that induced by cefoperazone sodium -^ ObjectiveTo find an effective and safty medication through the analysis on the medication of skin and its' accessories. And investigate these medications on cost, in order to get a effective and economi medication. For the further aim is to extend this aspect to other ADRs analysis, atlast, to lessen the economic and psyche burden of the patient. H> MethodsRetrospective analysis combined with cost analysis. ￡, ResultsThere are three type of skin and its' accessories damaging in clinical, they are antihistamine drugs> allergic response transmitter retarded release drug and other drugs such as adrenal cortex hormone. To the damaging of skin and its' accessories, we should treat them seperatly. As to mild cases, we can select antihistamine drugs of the first or second generation;while as to severve cases, we can use adrenal cortex hormone on the base of antihistamine. In the research, we found that there are drug-abuse in some medication. In all the medication that restricted by one day dose, the lowest medication is use chlophenamine only. I2U ConclusionsWe should get more information from the ADRs reports which are useful for the study on cost of medication, while the quality of the reports is not very well, we have no ablility to make a further study. The study on ADRs should not only investigate the simply data, but should use pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology and etc. to analysis. It will be useful for both individual and society.
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