| AimRadiological medicine science has become one of three important methods to treat cancer, but the damage of its bio-effect to the bodies usually influences its curative effect seriously. Although, researchers had worked for a long time to find anti-radiation drug with reliable curative effect and cheap price, they were not successful. In recent years, the research of pharmacological function of Chinese herbal medicine has been developed deeply, especially there are more and more data about the effect of Qi-restoratives kinds of medicine on immune and hemopoiesis function. But function and its mechanism of pharmacological function have not been researched further. As a result, it was very important to find the Chinese herbal medicine which was safe and effective in the treatment for radiated diseases. Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(AM) has been used as an important herbal medicine. Modern medical science has proved that AM could regulate hepatic glycogen, protect the action of liver and brain, promote humoral immunity and cellular immunity, improve the durability of animals to anoxia, and resist senescence etc. The aim of the study was to investigate protective effect of AM on damage caused by irradiation in mice.Materials and methods1. The protective effect of AM on survival rate of irradiated mice.1.1 The effect of AM with the different doses on the survival rate of irradiatedmice The mice were divided into seven groups randomly (n=30). Mice in every group were injected intragastrically(i.g.) with AM at a single dose of 0/kg, 12.5g/kg , 25g/kg , 50g/kg , 75g/kg , lOOg/kg, and 125g/kg. After 30 minutes, these mice were irradiated with 8 Gy60CO Y -ray. Then, the 30-day survival rate of irradiated mice was observed. 1.2 The effect of AM given at different times on the survival rate of irradiated mice Ninety-eight mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, irradiated group, pretreated group, and treated group, and the three group (excluding the control group ) were irradiated once with Gy60CO Y -ray. Then the 30-day survival rate, increased rate, and the protection coefficient of mice were observed.2 The effect of AM on the micronudeus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow These groups of mice, excluding control group, were irradiated once with Gy60CO Y -ray. The marrow had been obtained from four group mice on seventh day after irradiation, and then they were fixed and dyed. The micronudeus rate was calculated finally.3 The effect of AM on the phagocytotic rate of macrophage Every group of mice was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) with 0.02% chicken red cell suspension of 1 ml on day 5 after irradiation, and the abdominal cavity liquid(l ml) was aspirated. The liquid was cultured, fixed and dyed. The phagocytotic rate and phagocytotic index were calculated after dyeing.4 The effect of AM on hematopoietic system4.1 All kinds of mature cells in peripheral blood Every group of mice was irradiated, and the blood samples were gained by cutting tails on day 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30. The level of Hb was determined by photoelectric colorimetry assay for cyamide methemo globin, and the change rate of white blood cell and platelet was calculated.4.2 BMC Every group was injected intraperitoneally with colchicine on 6 day after irradiation, and the mice were killed 5 hours later to get their right thigh. The marrows were made into single cell suspension for subsequent staining of Wright. Then, the number of BMC and mitotic count was calculated.4.3 CFU-GM4.3.1 Culture in vitro The animals were divided into 3 groups: ?control group: BMC group of normal mice; ?irradiated group: BMC group of irradiate mice; (3) treated group: BMC of irradiated mice was cultured with the liquid of AM (0.2 ml).4.3.2 Culture in vivo The diffusion chambers were transplanted into the belly of mice of different groups to culture. The diffusion chambers were taken out after killing the mice on day 6. The cultures were fixed and dyed, and the number of CFU-GM colonies were counted.4.4 CFU-S The bone marrow of donor mice were washed and made into single cell suspension of BMC, and then the suspension was injected through the tail vein into the irradiated mice. On day 9, the number of the spleen colonies of the 3 groups were counted. These groups are as follows: ?donor mice and accepted mice were given AM intragastrically; ?donor mice were given AM intragastricallly, but accepted mice were given normal saline, ?donor mice were given normal saline and accepted mice were given AM intragastrically. 5 The LPO and SOD of mice's liver, brain and kidney5.1 LPO Every group of mice were killed on day 6 after irradiation, and the livers, brains and kidneys of mice were gained rapidly to the optical density.5.2 SOD The tissue homogenate of different group was obtained to calculate the autooxydation ratio of pyrogallol by colorimetric method.Results1. The protection of AM in irradiated mice1.1 The protective effect of AM with the different doses The results implied that the 30-day survival rate of mice was increased by the dose of drug in the rage of 12.5~ 75g/kg, but when the dose reached to lOOg/kg and 125g/kg, the survival rate of mice declined rapidly. As a result, the dose of 75g/kg was considered as the best dose to protect the irradiated mice.1.2 The protective effect of AM given at different times The survival rates of treated group (i.p. 75g/kg AM)) were higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01), and the protection index was more than 1.20. These all implied that AM had the effect on preventing and treating for the damage of irradiation.2. The effect of AM on micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow There was a rapidly decrease of micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow after the mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with AM (75g/kg). The data suggested that AM had an obvious effect on preventing and treatingof mutation which was initiated by irradiation.3. The effect of AM on the phagocytotic rate of macrophage The phagocytoticrate and phagocytotic index of macrophage of irradiated group were significant less thanthat in the control group and pretreated group (P<0. 05). But there was no significantdifference of phagocytotic rate and phagocytotic index between the irradiated group andthe treated group.4 The effect of AM on the hemetopoietic system of miceThe levels of WBC and Hb in treated group were significant higher than that in th irradiated group on sixth day (P<0. 01). The renew rate of WBC, Hb and BMC in the treated group was faster than that in the irradiated group, but AM had no effect on platelet (P>0. 05). AM had also no effect on the value of CFU-GM in culture system, but the internal culture results implied that the increase of CFU-GM value in mice of the treated group was significant higher than the value of irradiated group(P<0. 01). The colonies of spleen in the donor group and accepted group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0. 01).5. The effect of AM on the LPO and SOD of liver, brain, and kidney of mice A single dose of AM could decrease the level of LPO in the liver, brain, and kidney which heightened by irradiation and improve the activity of SOD. Conclusion1. AM could protect irradiated mice at the dose of 12.5'~'75g/kg, and the action increased according to the dose.2. AM could accelerate the recovery of WBC, Hb and BWC in irradiated mice, and it could stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-S or CFU-GM.3. AM could improve the activity of SOD in the liver, brain, and kidney of the irradiated mice.
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