| Objective Traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat fracture since long ago. Though to certain extent the effect has been achieved, little breakthrough has been made for the mechanism for fracture healing and the way the medicine works remain yet unknown. This study bears the objective of exploring the mode of action of Epimedium as it help the healing of the fracture in rabbit, and thus, provide theoretic foundation for its clinical application. It serves to provide reference for more in-depth studies of this field.Methods Matured, male rabbits were anesthetized by injection of chloral hydrate into their abdominal cavity. Both radius of the rabbits were surgically fractured (damaged area app. 3mm). The rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, housed separately. They were free to move and feed. The experimental group have all other theEpimedium extract (6mg/kg/d) orally. Termination of the animals took place in day 14,day 24, day 34 and day 42 respectively, after taking the X-ray of their forelimb. 5um section were made from the fractured sclerous tissue. The samples were dyed with routine toluidine blue, Masson dye and immunohistochemistry of TGF-β1 and VEGF.Results 1. Radiograph taken in every period showed that growth of callus , bony remodeling and recanalization of medullary cavity is more prominent in the experimental group.2. Dyeing of toluidine blue showed that the formation of cartilage and osteoclast, endochondral bone formation and intramembranous ossification, the formation and remodeling of callus and recanalization of medullary cavity of experimental group are earlier than that of control group.3. Masson dyeing showed that quantity and density of callus of experimental group are greater than control group's, the formation of connecting callus , remodeling of callus andrecanalization of medullary cavity of experimental group were earlier than control group's.4. Immunohistochemical staining of TGF-j3i and VEGF of experimental group is more denser than control group up to the 24th day, the difference is insignificant from then onwards.Conclusion Epimedium can promote fracture healing of rabbits by enhancing expression of TGF-Pj and VEGF, then promoting regeneration of vascellum, promoting collection^ proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cell , proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast and chondrocyte ^ advancing formation of osteoclast, promoting formation and remodeling of callus and recanalization of medullary cavity.
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