| Nosocomial infection is one of the difficult problems in hospital management nowadays, which affects the medical quality. Extensive application of immunosuppressive agent, more device utilization, the unreasonal use of antibiotics and the aging of society brought on nosocomial infection increasing gradually with the development of modern medical technologies. The annual direct economic loss in our country is 10 to 15 billion yuan. The number cannot be estimated if indirect economic loss were included. About 2 million persons caught nosocomial infections in America annually, which caused 44 to 98 thousand persons dying and 17 to 29 billon $ losing. Therefore, nosocomial infection has been a big problem of public health at present, and we should pay more attention to it.The Surveillance of Nosocomial Infection is longitudinally, systematically, designedly, and initiatively to study the secular trends of incidence, distribution, and risk factors of infection in patients. The surveillance process includes data collection, data analysis, and the dissimenation of the data periodically. Based on the surveillance data, the prevetion and control measures could be worked out and the surveillance efficency could be assessed to decrease the nosocomial infection. The Epidemiological Investigation and Surveillance of Nosocomial Infection is actively opened out all over the world.The National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System was establishedin 1986 in our country, which 17 volunteer hospitals took part in at first, and which has more than 130 hospitals at present. The NNIS System in our country collects the cases of nosocomial infections mainly by retrospective investigation. One provincial hospital which is a Class III, Rank I hospital evaluated by the Health Ministy of People's Republic of China took part in the Chinese NNIS System in 1993 in Province Henan. The surveillance methods were modified as to collect more risk factors than the Chinese NNIS System formulated, and to monitor every hospitalized patient who caught nosocomial or not, and who was registed in charts. The clinical doctors and nurses that had been trained collected the cases of nosocomial infections prospectively. The ICPs (Infection Control Practitioners) periodically investigated the nosocomial infection patients who were not repoted. The trends of incidence rate of nosocomial infections, the constitutes of infection departments, main infection sites, risk factors, the distribution of pathogens and the use of antibiotics were analyzed to estimate the nosocomial infection surveillance work and provide scientific basis for decreasing the occurrence of nosocomial infections and perfecting the Chinese NNIS System.Material and Methods:1. The 126665 inpatients, who were hospitalized more than 48 hours, were monitored by prospective investigation from 1993 to 2000 in Class III, Rank I Hospital in Province Henan . The diagnosis standard was the Nosocomial Infection Criterions formulated by the Nosocomial Infection Surveillance and Control Cooperative Group, the Health Ministry, the People's Republic of China.2. The surveillance and intervening methods of nosocomial infection: By the prospective investigation way, each inpatient was registered and supervised as surveillance object. Every 50 patients was taken charge by a clinical worker who was trained by the ICPs (infection control practioners). According to the uniform investigation methods (combining the investigation by sick bed with the investigation of consulting the case history) from Chinese NNIS (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance) System, they filled every case's investigation table and collected the nosocomial infection cases prospectively. The incidence of nosocomial infection of thepatients who left hospital was respetively calculated every month in terms of department, infected site and risk factors. At the same time, the relevant information of nosocomial infection was released and communicated in time.3. Variables:3.1 Independ...
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