| Renal transplantation is an effective therapeutic modality for patients with end stage renal disease. But the transplant rejection, especially the chronic rejection, is still the major problem affecting the life and function of the grafts, Although some effective immunosuppressions have been used in clinic at present. But the serious sideeffects caused by systemically administered immunosuppressive agents has restricted the use of those immunosuppressive agents.Since 1960. some researchers has studied that immuosuppressiv agents were continuously directly administered into allografts through local drug-delivery system to reduce the systemic drug exposure. Although it appears promising, long-term stable local drug-delivery system has not been established until today. So the treatment of local immunosuppression couldn't be applied in clinic. To seek an ideal way of local immunosuppression and probe the immune protective effect of adrenal implants to transplanted kidney, corticoadrenal fragments were implanted immediately under the transplanted renal subcapsule after the renal transplantation and the concentration of corticosterone in serum of renalgrafts' vein were observed subsequently. After they survived and recovered secretory function, adrenal implants were taked as a local glucocorticoid delivery way to transplanted kidney and play local immunosuppressiveeffect.Materials and Methods:Experiment aninmals were 76 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (female) and 76 Wistar rats (male), were divided into four groups individually (every group contain 19 rats). The former as donors, the later as recipients, weighting 250~300g; Eexperiment was divided into two stages, every stage use above-mentioned SD rats two groups (experiment group and control group, as donors). Wistar rats two groups (experiment group and control group; as recipients), and divided into experiment group combination and control group combination according to undermentioned different objection and operation models (experiment group SD rats provide left kidney to experiment group wistar rats, so as the conrol group).1. In first stage, to examine the corticoadrenal fragments which were implanted under the transplanted renal subcapsule could be survive and recover secretory function. 38 Wistar rats as recipients, were divided into experiment group (renal transplantation, bilateral adrenalectomy and adrenal cortical implantation) and control group (renal transplantation and bilateral adrenalectomy). 38 SD rats as donors, were divided into experiment group and control group (provide lelf kindney), Then life-time of the two group rats were observed so as the concentration of corticosterone in serum at different time.2. In second stage, to observe the pathologic change of graft and adrenal implants and the concentration of corticosterone in serum at different times, 38 wistar rats as recipients, were divided into experiment group (renal transplomtation, bilateral adrenalectomy and adrenal cortical implantation) and control group (renal transplantation). 38 SD rats as donors were divided into experiment group and control group (provide lelf kidney). From the firstday after operation, two groups rats were dripped with the sysprine 20mg/kg-day in the oral cavity until two weeks.Results:1. In first stage , the survivals of two groups were significant difference (P<0.05), as well as the concentration of corticosterone in serum at 7th day (after operation). It indicated that the adrenal implants could survive and recover the secretory function.2. In the seeond stage, the results showed that the survivals of two groups were not significant difference (P>0.05) and have a long-time survivals. At 7th day after operation, the levels of serumal corticosterone in experiment group lower than that of control group. But almost equaling to that of control group in 14th day after operation (P>0.05). At 42th day after transplantation, in experiment group the levels of grafts' vein serumal corticosterone higher obviously than that of the contr...
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