Research On Biological Characteristics Of Bulbs And Light Adaptability Of Erythronium Japonicum

Erythronium japonicum, perennial bulbs flowers of the genus Liliaceae,blossom in early spring.The Erythronium japonicum's annual growth period is only 2 months, April-May blooms and then goes into hibernation in early summer, bulb propagation is the most important approach. Bulb planting appears difficult to germinate in light, shading, etc. In order to explore the reason of not germinating, this study introduced the Erythronium japonicum to Harbin and used flower bulbs as materials to evaluate its biological properties and physiological changes after cold storage.At the same time,this study examines the range of light adaptation,for its Propagation and Application.This paper began to study biological characteristics after had introduced one year, including the kind of ball-related biology, nutrition and reproductive growth. After Erythronium japonicum completed the whole growth period, the plant on the ground completely wilted, we take out the underground bulbs,put them in the low-temperature refrigeration, and then study the dynamic changes in physiological indices, we set a different light environment (all-optical CK, shade 30%,50% shade, shade 70%, shade 90%),.After shading 40d, we study the flowers 's pigment content and photosynthetic indexes. Results are as follows:1.The ball's morphological characteristics are appendages and bulbs. After two years study we obtained:the appendage on bulb can grow 40 to 50% in every year,the number of appendage on each health bulb attachments 1 to 6; According to the bulb near the base and appurtenances hemisphere diameter, we divided into three grades (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ);there are two leaves onⅠandⅡgrade bulbs, they can flowers in that year,Ⅲgrade bulb is only a leaf, and do not flower.2.Bulb's water content was 76.81%, the main nutrient is starch (604.50mg/g). Appendage water content was 57.89% the main nutrient is starch (203.40mg/g) too.The soluble sugar (1.52%,1.42%) and soluble protein (4.13 mg/g,4.36 mg/g) content in bulb and appendage are closer.3.After germinating, with the temperature and light increasing,the leaf area of Erythronium japonicum growing was "S" curve. Leaves three categories, which related to the environment with light, light adaptation in the study found, with the increase of gradient shading, more green leaves, small leaves with brown spots.4.The growth periods of Erythronium japonicum were 35d in Harbin, less than the Changbai Mountain 20d, mainly due to the air caused by humidity and light conditions. Flowering 20d, flowers 1, around 7 am opening, slightly closed at noon, at 16 pm they started again. Fruit ripen 8d, fruit three prism.5.During the cold temperiture, fresh weight of bulb and accessory changes is obvious, but dry weight does not change significantly, which indicates that the largest losses during the cold water, so during the cold temperature attention to maintain a certain humidity.6.Bulb and appendages in the starch content decreased; soluble sugar and reducing sugar content increased; soluble protein content fluctuated around the control points, but was significantly increased by the middle of the process. Erythronium japonicum in different parts of the flower physiological levels, under different cold storage was significantly different, and the variation in order to deal with more than 3～5℃to 6～10℃. Help reduce the kinds of frozen ball respiration, and temperature, the less the more low consumption.7.During cold, POD activity showed significant upward trend; CAT activity was first decreased rapidly and then slow growth. So POD, CAT as a major respiratory enzymes, the role of the bulb varies during cold storage, POD mainly inhibit germination, with the bulb germination, activity in the decline; and CAT activity was enhanced with the kind of ball while germination. From all the physiological parameters of the correlation obtained:CAT is a change of each index during the period spent in cold storage the dominant factor, POD, starch, soluble sugar is a secondary factor, the extent of soluble protein and less sugar.8. Chlorophyll (a+b) content, a/b value and Carotenoid content of Erythronium japonicum increased with light intensity decreases.9.By Pn-PAR curves obtained:with the light intensity decreased, LSP, LCP, and Pn are reduced, with 70% shade lower LSP and LCP, while the lowest apparent quantum efficiency. The diurnal changes of light and shade in the gradient are the "midday depression" of the "double peak" curve, changes in transpiration rate is decreased with increasing levels of shade. Diurnal variation of Ci was "W" curve,9 in the morning and afternoon low 16 points there. Variation in stomatal conductance decreased. In full sunlight flower pig teeth grow well, with increasing temperature, gradually withering away.Comprehensive analysis of Erythronium japonicum come to spend 30% shade,50%,90% could grow, and grow in shade under 70% better, is a typical shade-tolerant species, the application can be done in the garden of Forest Floor was.