Studies On Oil Camellia Seed Quality Of Changlin Clones In Different Cultivation Regions

Camellia L., Olea europaea L.,Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Cocos nucifera L. are the four kinds of wood oil plant. China is the origin and distribution center of Camellia L. And China is the only country that Camellia L.is planted as edible oil plant. In order to identify the correlations among the different botanical traits of Olea europaea L. and the effects of different cultivation areas on yields and qualities of Camellia L.,and to determine the suitable cultivation areas and cultivation methods, 9 Changlin clones of Camellia L. were used as materials, the partial botanical traits and the effects of altitude, climate factors in different cultivation areas on yield and quality were studied. The results were as follows.1. The coefficient of variation of leaf width was 18.09%,which was the largest;and that of leaf shape index was 10.62%,which was the smallest;In fruit traits, the coefficient of variation of fruit weight was the biggest, which was 20.29%,and the coefficient of fruit vertical diameter was the smallest, which was only 8.96%. In seeds traits of Camellia L., the coefficient of variation of freshing seed changed into drying seed percent was 29.86%,which was the biggest, followed by 19.57% of 1000-grain dry seed weight, 18.16% of 1000-grain fresh seed weight, 17.51% of seed vertical diameter, dry kernel percent and kernel oil content were the most stable, and the coefficients of variation were 5.68%and5.73%, the per mu oil yield changed a lot, and the coefficient of variation was 22.81%.Among the botanical traits above mentioned, there existed very significant negative correlation between leaf shape index and oil yield (the correlation coefficent was -0.928), fruit weight and oil yield showed very significant positive correlation (the correlation coefficent was 0.852), seed horizontal diameter and oil yield showed significant positive correlation (the correlation coefficent was 0.797), the regression equation of the three traits and oil yield were as follows:2. Fruit comprehensive strait assessment indexes of 4 clones in Liping, Guizhou province were the highest among the 6 high yield clones which oil yield was more than 60kg/mu, the sequence of the average comprehensive strait assessment indexes of the 9 clones was Liping, Guizhou province, Fenyi, Jiangxi province, Jinyun, Zhejiang province, Xinzhou,Hubei province, and which were 0.840, 0.827, 0.814 and 0.762 separately. There was very significant positive correlation between average annual temperature and fruit weight (the correlation coefficent was 0.989). Sunshine duration and drying seed percent showed significant positive correlation (the correlation coefficent was 0.917), and sunshine duration and 1000-grain dry seed weight showed very significant negative correlation (the correlation coefficent was -0.996). There existed very significant positive correlation between average annual frost-free period and dry kernel percent ( the correlation coefficent was 0.982).3.Oleic acid content of Camellia L. in Liping, Guizhou province was the highest, followed by Xinzhou,Hubei province, Jinyun, Zhejiang province, Fenyi, Jiangxi province, which were 83.19%, 81.97%, 81.1% and 78.97% separately. Polyunsaturated fatty acids content of Camellia L. in Fenyi, Jiangxi province was the highest, next were Jinyun, Zhejiang province, Xinzhou,Hubei province and Liping, Guizhou province, which were 9.29%,7.62%,7.07% and 6.7%. Unsaturated fatty acids content and average annual temperature in cultivation area showed very significant negative correlation (the correlation coefficent was -0.996), and there existed negative correlation between unsaturated fatty acids content and average annual rainfall, but unsignificance. There were significant positive correlation between polyunsaturated fatty acids content and average annual temperature or average annual rainfall (the correlation coefficents were 0.913 and 0.944).4. There were few differences of vitamin E contents in tea-oil in different regions, the sequence of the vitamin E contents in tea-oil were Fenyi, Jiangxi province, Jinyun, Zhejiang province, Liping, Guizhou province, Xinzhou, Hubei province, and which were 53.20mg/kg, 252.79 mg/kg, 250.43mg/kg and 249.37 mg/kg separately. Vitamin E contents in tea-oil and average annual temperature showed significant positive correlation (the correlation coefficent was 0.755), and there existed positive correlation between vitamin E contents in oil and average annual rainfall (the correlation coefficent was 0.691).