| This article was to acclimate and cultivate rumen bacteria by adding garlic oxide (garlic oxide, short for GO)to the rumen for goat in vivo and study the changes of rumen metabolism, rumen movement , hormone levels of goats'and other implications on specific conditions which was adapt to GO.This study was to provide high-quality strains and bionics basis for large-scale fermentation of specific bacteria in vitro to carry out producing activity flour of garlic bacterium substence in factory (the production process has been formally accepted by the State Patent Office into the publicity phase).At the same times, this article can provide interrelated material for rumen metabolism of ruminants and supply new, safe and efficient functional feed regulator which can promote animal growth. This article had important research value and application prospect .Experiment One Effect of Garlic Oxide on Rumen Digestion Metabolism of GoatsFour goats fitted with rumen fistula were used in this experiment, using self-control method. In control period, the goats were reared with basal feed .In experimental period, the goats were reared with the basal feed, and garlic oxide (12g/kg·BW) were given through the rumen fistula,to study specific conditions,to study changes in rumen micro-ecology and the effects of rumen digestion and metabolism. The results showed that goats'grass intake of control period and experimental period were 726.9±8.2g and 785.7±14.8g, and the experimental period was significant increased by 8.1% (P <0.01); The rumen liquor pH of control period and experimental period were 6.14±0.10 and 5.90±0.07 ,and experimental period was significant reduced by 3.9% (P <0.01); The control period of dynamic changes of goat rumen pH, relatively stable,and in experimental period, pH value in the feed 1 hour after feeding down to valley value, and then gradually raised about six hours over the normal level; The rumen liquor TDHA of control period and experimental period,were 0.426±0.016U/mL and 0.494±0.021U/mL,and experimental period was significant increased by 16.0% (P <0.01);The control period TDHA 8:00-16:00 relatively stable at a low level, experimental period with certain fluctuations before 14:00, then gradually decreased in the next 4 hours; The 6th hour rumen liquor MCP of control period and experimental period were 2.023±0.038mg/mL and 1.275±0.080mg/mL, and experimental period was significant reduced by 37.0% (P <0.01); The 6th hour total MCP in rumen of control period and experimental period were 8.212±0.274g and 5.533±0.545g, and experimental period was significant reduced by 34.8% (P <0.01); The 10th hour rumen liquor MCP of control period and experimental period were 1.141±0.090 mg/mL and 0.807±0.039 mg/mL, and experimental period was significant reduced by 29.3% (P <0.01);The 10th hour total MCP in rumen of control period and experimental period were 4.632±0.399g and 3.498±0.257g, and experimental period was significant reduced by 24.5% (P <0.01); The 6th rumen liquor water-soluble proteins of control period and experimental period were 0.223±0.015g/100mL and 0.312±0.015g/100mL, and experimental period was significant increased by 39.9% (P <0.01), The 10th rumen liquor water-soluble proteins of control period and experimental period were 0.167±0.012g/100mL and 0.223±0.014g/100mL, and experimental period was significant increased by 33.5% (P <0.01);The rumen liquor N-NH3 of control period and experimental period were 54.73±4.04mg/L and 56.64±4.06mg/L, the difference was not significant ( P> 0.05), The control period and the experimental period, rumen liquor N-NH3, reached its peak at 4th hour, then gradually reduced; The serum urea nitrogen levels of control period and experimental period were 8.03±0.34 mg/dL and 8.04±0.28 mg/dL, and no significant difference existed between experimental period and control period (P> 0.05). There was a significant impact on ruminal metabolism by garlic oxide.Experiment Two Effect of Garlic Oxide on Rumen Movement of GoatsFour goats fitted with rumen fistula were used in this experiment, using self-control method. In control period, the goats were reared with basal feed .In experimental period, the goats were reared with the basal feed, and garlic oxides (12 g/kg·BW) were given through the rumen fistula,to study effect of garlic oxide on goat'rumen movement in the specific conditions, using PEG - 4000 labeling method and direct method by transducer. The results showed that the rumen liquor volume of control period and experimental period were 4.057±0.027L and 4.338±0.087L, and experimental period was significant increase by 6.9% (P<0.01); The rumen liquor dilution rate of control period and experimental period were 5.7±0.1%/h and 6.7±0.3%/h, and the experimental period was significant increased by 17.5%(P<0.01); The rumen liquor turnover rate of control period and experimental period were 0.231±0.008 and 0.293±0.014, and the experimental period was significant increased by 26.8%( P <0.01); The rumen liquor stay time of control period and experimental period were 17.51±0.40h and 14.93±0.69h, and the experimental period was significant reduce by 14.7% (P <0.01);The internal pressure generated by contraction of ruminal smooth muscle in the control period and experimental period were 4.01±0.17Kpa, and 6.27±0.21Kpa, and the experimental period was significant increased by 56.1%(P <0.01); The contract frequency of ruminal smooth muscle in control period and experimental period were 1.71±0.12 times/min and 2.13±0.11 times/min, and the experimental period was significant increased by 24.6%(P <0.01); The contract continued time of ruminal smooth muscle of control period and period were 1.31±0.02s and 1.06±0.02s, and the experimental period was significant reduced by 19.1%(P <0.01). Allicin content in goat's rumen liquor reached its peak at 4th hour, then gradually reduced,and the range was 0.0423~0.00137mmol/mL.The garlic oxide can significantly strengthen rumen movement.Experiment Three Effect of Garlic Oxide on Hormone Levels of GoatsFour goats fitted with rumen fistula were used in this experiment, using self-control method.In control period, the goats were reared with basal feed.In experimental period, the goats were reared with the basal feed, and garlic oxides (12 g/kg·BW) were given through the rumen fistula to study the oxide garlic on serum parameters. The results showed that the serum T3 levels of control period and experimental period were 4.940±0.196ng/mL and 5.132±0.205ng/mL,and the experimenta period increased 3.9%, the difference was not significant (P> 0.05); The serum T4 levels of control period and experimental period were were 293.029±11.691ng/mL and 325.138±10.214ng/mL,and the experimental period was significant increased by 11.0% (P <0.01); The serum insulin levels of control period and experimental period were 5.602±0.380μU/mL and 6.920±0.325μU / mL,and the experimental period was significant increased by 23.5% (P <0.01); The serum ACTH level of control period and experimental period were were 25.824±1.478pg/mL and 20.096±1.574pg/mL, and the experimental period was significantly reduced by 22.2% (P <0.05); The serum IGF-I levels of control period and experimental period were 48.558±2.040ng/mL and 60.911±4.293ng/mL, and the experimental period was significant increased by 25.4% (P <0.01). Garlic oxide can significantly improve the goats'serum indexes. |
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