| The research was conducted in Weibei dry land in two years and the effects of organic fertilizer application and straws return to field on physiochemical characters of soil and growth of winter wheat were analyzed in this article. The main results were as follows.1. Organic fertilizers had good effect in conserving soil moisture. Soil moisture of organic fertilizer treatment between 0~120 cm soil layers was higher than that in the control. Straw application treatment of 9000 kg/ha made a significant difference to control, in 0～120 cm soil layer, soil moisture of it was increased by 1.17% in the year of 2007~2008. Compared with control, soil moisture of the straw application treatment of 9 000 and 6000 kg/ha , the manure application treatment of 22500 and 11250 kg/ha increased by 0.50%～1.29% respectively in the year of 2008～2009.After grain filling period, soil moisture of organic fertilizer treatment was lower than that in the control gradually. After harvest, soil moisture of organic fertilizer treatment decreased by 0.48%～0.92% respectively in 0～200 cm soil layer in 2007～2008; Soil moisture of the manure application treatment of 22500 and 11250 kg/ha increased by 0.69% and 0.29% in 2008～2009.2. Organic fertilizer had positive effect on decreasing soil bulk density of 0～60 cm soil layers, and it was decreased with the increase of application amount of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer increased the content of soil aggregates, and then improved the structure of soil. In the soil layers of 0～20 cm, >0.25 mm soil mechanical aggregates content of organic fertilizer treatment increased by 1.67%～6.06% in 2008, increased by 4.54%～9.25% in 2009; in the layers of 0～40 cm, increased by 0.22%～4.57% in 2009.3. Using organic fertilizers improved the amount of organic matter, total K and available nutrient (N, P and K ).In the layer between 0 cm and 40 cm, content of organic matter and total K were 21.31% and 13.24% higher respectively than that in the control and reached the maximum when the application of straw at rate of 9 000 kg/ha, the content of organic matter and total K were 16.91% and 9.16% higher respectively than that in the control when the manure application amount was 22500 kg/ha.Content of available P and available N reached the maximum when the manure application amount was 22500 kg/ha and were 71.56% and 19.34% higher respectively than that in the control, 19.25%,21.12%,16.66% and 11.03% when the straw application rate were 9 000 and 6000, the manure application amount was 22500 and 11250 kg/ha.4.The activities of urease, invertase, alkaline phospatase of using organic fertilizers were more than that in the control, in order from high to low was straw returning treatment of 9000 kg/ha>manure application of 22500 kg/ha>straw returning treatment of 6000 kg/ha>manure application of 11250 kg/ha>CK. Application of organic fertilization had no obvious effect on total N, P and catalase. Through correlation analysis, active relationship exists between three kinds of enzyme activities and organic matter, total N, total P, available K, and available P. The correlation between Catalase and soil nutrient content was not obvious.5. Continuous application of organic fertilizer can promote the growth and development of winter wheat, increase the dry matter accumulation and content of chlorophyll, raise photosynthetic rate, and then increase the yield of winter wheat. Compared with the control, yield of the straw application treatment of 9000 and 6000 kg/ha, the manure application treatment of 22500 kg/ha increased by 24.43%,10.84% and 22.22% respectively. Organic fertilize had great effect on ear number of winter wheat, increased by 33～102×104·ha-1, and increased with the increase of application amount of organic fertilizer. Water use efficiency of the straw application treatment of 9000 kg/ha and the manure application treatment of 22500 kg/ha significantly higher than control, and increased by 8.9% and 19.43% respectively.
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