Study On The Technology Of Altemative Furrow Irrigation And High-efficient Use Of Soil Water And Temperature

The effects of irrigation schedule on growing trends, Physiological index and yield effect of capsicum were studied at key experimental station in an arid area of Northwest China(Zhang ye) during March to October in2008. Three kinds of irrigation schedule treatments were designed for Indigowoad Root in the field.(1)Scale irrigation of Alternate furrow irrigation is smaller than Conventional furrow irrigation, and as a result, the root system of Alternate furrow irrigation is exercised by alternate drought stress, so the development of the roots is better than Conventional furrow irrigation together to consider, Alternate furrow irrigation is the smallest to the effects of soil bulk density.(2)The various factors which impact on the quality of irrigation are considered by comprehensive and effective utilization of water quality: effective utilization of irrigation,the storage rate and uniformity of field irrigation, respectively. Using the Comprehensive and effective utilization of water quality to evaluate the quality of irrigation, finding the effective utilization of water of Alternate furrow irrigation and Fixed furrow irrigation are equal, 43.39% and 42.01%, respectively. And the effective utilization of water is 39.21% for Fixed furrow irrigation. therefore, under the Alternate furrow irrigation does not affect the quality of field irrigation, reducing the scale of irrigation can achieve the purpose of water-saving.(3)The plant height curves of the irrigation are rapid growth in seedling stage and flowering, the plant heights of capsicum are gradually slowing down after the fruit period and basically stable in harvest time. The growth of plant height to Alternate furrow irrigation is smaller than Conventional furrow irrigation in earlier stage of beginning to process. As time pushed back, Its growth rate is gradually increase and larger than Conventional furrow irrigation; The drive rough curves and the plant height curves of the irrigation are match, With the plant height difference is that rough track of Alternate furrow irrigation is the biggest in the reproductive age at any time. Stem-base diameter measured results show that the Stem-base diameter of different furrow irrigation model have significant difference, Stem become significantly large by Alternate furrow irrigation, thus it could make capsicum robust growth and prevent lodging.(4)Judging from the entire growth period, total dry matter accumulation is a continuous increase. From the fruit period, as the leaves wither and the plant diseases and insect pests to the leaves, the amount of dry matter to some of the capsicum leaves of processing have declined in vary degrees. However, due to the accumulation of dry matter in leaves accounted for part of the groundland and the proportion is very low, there are Little effect to dry matter accumulation about tendency from small to big.(5)To Alternate furrow irrigation, the roots of plants have been subjected to the stress hardening of alternating wet and dry soil. In the early days, the department on the ground would be harmed. Before the injury, plant will make some adaptive response: chasing a limited supply,extension of the root system around,chasing water,root and crown will compete carbohydrates. In order to avoid water stress, the allocation of more assimilates to root, promoting root growth and making the ratio of root and crown increase. while in the late, well-developed root system can provide more nutrients and water supply, it is important to crop drought and production.(6)Irrigation fixed of Alternative furrow irrigation is only a half of the Conventional furrow irrigation, and there is about half the surface area lie in a relatively dry state. Root layer is a larger storage capacity of soil to accommodate available water. When precipitation and irrigation, the land of Furrow irrigation will make more water into the soil, and more water will be stored in the root layer of the soil profile.(7)Three furrow irrigation methods, in growth period of capsicum, Soil between trees evaporation are conform to the changs which leaf area index is large and E/ET is small.In the wet soil surface conditions, there is a better correlation in E / Et with LAI in reproductive period of capsicum, and in the dry soil surface conditions, it is the opposite; The changs of Soil between trees evaporation with 0～10cm soil moisture content of soil are similar, soil evaporation and surface soil moisture content have relatively close relationship.(8)Alternate furrow irrigation has not only a large gradient of water potential in the vertical direction but also a strong Infiltration potential in the horizontal direction. Water infiltration speed is fast after irrigation, Soil moisture of moist surface groove was evaporated except a part, in addition there will be a part continued to filter down and lateral seepage under the water potential gradient in both directions, therefore, the soil of moist groove surface are relatively fast drying and reduce the total evaporation between trees.(9)Plants can feel the soil drought, and producing source signal and sending it to the shoot for adjusting their physiological processes, the increase in ABA can induce to reduction of stomatal aperture and transpiration loss, so achieving optimization of stomatal aperture to improve transpiration efficiency.(10)In the same soil moisture level, the output of AFI are higher than CFI's, FFI are significant decline in production. Judging from the water use efficiency, the water use efficiency of AFI are higher than CFI's, the value is 46%.To Fixed furrow irrigation(FFI): because of long-term drought status, although water consumption is lower, the growth of output are greatly affected, thus affecting the improvement of economic efficiency, it is not desirable.