Effects Of Soil Moisture And Tillage Methods On Water Consumption Characteristics And Grain Yield In Wheat

In order to determine the suitable soil moisture and tillage methods of middle-yield and high-yield wheat field,field experiment was conducted in 2007–2008 growing seasons to study the effects of soil moisture and tillage methods on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat plants (cv. Jimai 22) at Shiwang village, Yanzhou, Shandong.The field experiment utilized the split-plot design with tillage methods as main plots and irrigation amount, a medium strong gluten winter wheat cultivar. Five tillage methods were conducted: sowing with half rotary tillage fertilization seeder (no tillage), sowing with half rotary tillage fertilization seeder after subsoiling (subsoiling and no tillage), rotary tillage after subsoiling, rotary tillage and moldboard ploughing (traditional tillage).And five irrigation treatments were conducted with the average value of relative soil moisture content of 0-140 cm soil layer at sowing, jointing and anthesis stages were 80%, 65% and 65% (W0); 85%, 70% and 70% (W1);85%, 75% and 75% (W2); 90%, 80% and 80% (W3); 90%, 85% and 85% (W4) respectively. The results indicated that:1 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat 1.1 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat under no tillage and subsoiling and no tillage conditions1.1.1 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristics Treatment W1 and W2 had the lowest water consumption amount under no tillage condition and irrigation amount increased while precipitation amount and soil water consumption amount reduced with the increasing of relative soil moisture content. Treatment W1 had the highest ratio of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount. The ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount in treatment W1 and W2 were significantly higher than the others. Treatment W1 had the highest ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount and W2 took second place. The main periods for soil water consumption of winter wheat were from revival to jointing stage and from anthesis to maturity stage, which treatment W2 had the highest soil water consumption amount.Treatment W1 and W2 had the lowest total water consumption amount, the ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount reduced which treatment W1 was the highest and W2 took second place, treatment W1 and W2 had the lowest soil water consumption amount under the conditions of subsoiling and no tillage.1.1.2 Effects of soil moisture on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat plantUnder the condition of no tillage, the proportion of nitrogen accumulation to grain, the nitrogen translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis increased in treatment W2 and treatment W4 had the highest nitrogen translocation amount and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis.Under the condition of subsoiling and no tillage, the nitrogen accumulation amount of vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity stages, the nitrogen translocation amount and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis treatment W2 and W4 were higher than the others.1.1.3 Effects of soil moisture on grain yield and water use efficiency Treatment W2 had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency under the condition of no tillage.Treatment W1 and W2 had the highest water use efficiency under the conditions of subsoiling and no tillage, while the grain yield of W2 was higher than W1.All the analysis showed that under the condition of no tillage, treatment W2 had the lowest total water consumption amount, the highest ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount, and the highest soil water consumption amount from revival to jointing stage and from anthesis to maturity stage. It also had the highest nitrogen translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, and the highest grain yield and water use efficiency.Under the condition of subsoiling and no tillage, treatment W2 had the lowest total water consumption amount while the ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount reduced, which treatment W1 was the highest and W2 took second place. It also had the lowest ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount, the highest nitrogen translocation amount and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, and the highest grain yield and water use efficiency.1.2 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat under conditions of rotary tillage after subsoiling, rotary tillage and traditional tillage1.2.1 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristics Under the condition of rotary tillage after subsoiling, treatment W1 had the lowest total water consumption amount among irrigation treatments. With the increasing of relative soil moisture content, the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount increased, which treatment W1 and W2 were the lowest, and the ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount reduced, which treatment W1 was the highest and treatment W3 was the lowest.Under conditions of rotary tillage and traditional tillage, compared among irrigation treatments, treatment W1 had the lowest total water consumption amount and the highest ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount. When relative soil moisture content at jointing and anthesis stages increased based on the condition of treatment W1, total consumption amount increased while the ration of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount significantly reduced.1.2.2 Effects of soil moisture on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat plantUnder the conditions of rotary tillage after subsoiling and traditional tillage, the nitrogen accumulation amount of vegetative organs at maturity stages, and grain, and the nitrogen translocation efficiency and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis were significantly increased in treatment W2.Under the condition of rotary tillage, treatment W4 had the highest nitrogen accumulation amount of vegetative organs at maturity stage, nitrogen translocation amount and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis. Treatment W2 had the highest nitrogen translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis.1.2.3 Effects of soil moisture on grain yield and water use efficiency Under the condition of rotary tillage after subsoiling, treatment W2 had no significant difference with W1 but was significantly higher than those of W0, W3 and W4, meanwhile, W2 and W3 obtained the highest grain yield.Under the condition of rotary tillage, treatment W2 and W3 had the highest water use efficiency and treatment W4 had lower water use efficiency whereas there was no significant change in grain yield.Under the condition of traditional tillage, treatment W2 and W3 had the highest grain yield and W0 had the lowest. There was no significant difference among treatment W1, W2 and W3 in water use efficiency while W4 was the lowest one.All the analysis showed that under the condition of rotary tillage after subsoiling, treatment W1 had the lowest total water consumption amount and W2 took second place. The ratio of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount increased, which treatment W1 and W2 was the lowest. Treatment W2 had the highest nitrogen translocation efficiency and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, and it also had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency.Under the condition of rotary tillage, treatment W2 had lower total water consumption amount, the highest water consumption amount, water consumption amount per day and water consumption percentage from revival to jointing stage and the highest the nitrogen translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, and it also had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency.Under the condition of traditional tillage, treatment W2 had the highest water consumption amount, nitrogen translocation amount and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis and the highest grain yield and water use efficiency.2 Effects of tillage methods on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat2.1 Effects of tillage methods on water consumption characteristics Subsoiling and no tillage had the lowest total water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount and the highest ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount whereas the treatments of no tillage had the opposite conclusion under conditions of treatment W0 and W1.The law of subsoiling + no tillage in treatment W2 was accordance with the water consumption characteristics in treatment W0 and W1. The treatments of subsoiling and no tillage which had the highest total water consumption amount significantly improved the utilization of irrigation and decreased the consumption of precipitation and soil water.2.2 Effects of tillage methods on grain yield and water use efficiency Subsoiling and no tillage had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency while no tillage was lower in treatment W0.Subsoiling and no tillage had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency while rotary tillage had the opposite conclusion in treatment W1 and W2.2.3 Effects of tillage methods on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat plant Subsoiling and no tillage significantly increased the nitrogen translocation amount and contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis while no tillage had the lowest in treatment W0.Traditional tillage significantly increased nitrogen translocation amount and subsoiling and no tillage had the highest contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis while no tillage and rotary tillage inhibited nitrogen translocation.All the analysis showed that subsoiling and no tillage had the lowest total water consumption and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount, the highest ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount, the highest contribution proportion from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis and the highest grain yield and water use efficiency under different soil moisture conditions.3 Effects of different N fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat plantThe field experiment utilized randomized block design using Jimai 22, a medium strong gluten winter wheat cultivar in 2006-2007 growing seasons. Six N fertilizer amount were conducted: 0, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 kg·ha?1 .The results showed that:Grain yield firstly increased, thereafter decreased with increasing N fertilizer amount. Treatment N240 (240 kg ha?1) and N270 (270 kg ha?1) had the highest grain yield, which increased,11.20% and 18.93% percentages than N0 respectively.Nitrogen accumulation amount in wheat plantfirstly increased, thereafter decreased with increasing N fertilizer amount,.Treatment N270 had the highest nitrogen accumulation amount at maturity stage. The NTA and nitrogen translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis also firstly increased, thereafter decreased with increasing N fertilizer amount.Treatment N270 had the highest nitrogen translocation amount whileTreatment N240 had the highest TE.