Investigation And Study On The Grassland-Ecological View Of Tibetan And Mongolian Herdsmen In Tian Zhu And A Lashan

Grassland had degraded in Tian Zhu and A Lashan, because it could prevent the grassland desertification, was the most important barrier of the national ecological security, so it was very necessary to investigate the ecological view in this two districts.Tian Zhu and A Lashan were selected as the investigation research regions. Household head of the 90 Tibetan and 90 Mongolian were selected as investigation research objects. Through the main research methods of questionnaire and interview as well as key interview and so on, the two areas'grassland using and management, the kinds of livestock, the source of income, the age of herdsmen, culture structure, the herdsmen'live style and religions, their custom of grassland's protection as well as their influence on the grassland ecological views, willingness to ecological protection of herdsmen and their awareness of grassland, as well as their attitude of returning land for grazing to pasture project and their desire of future life were studied. The status of ecological views and differences between the two minorities were revealed, so as to provide certain theoretical basis for decreasing grassland degradation. The main results were as follows:Through the investigation, their grassland using method was very simple and they are willing to accept the way of combined manage of government and household. The herdsmen chose the kind of the live hood according to the market and whether the grassland was suitable for the livestock. The herdsmen are not recklessly increase the number of the livestock. The sources of income in Tian Zhu were the selling flesh and fur of livestock. Hiring out for work was the main income source in Song Shan. While in A Lashan husbandry income was substituted for farming income after returning land for grazing to pasture project. According to the age, herdsmen were divided into three groups: under 40, 41 to 50 and up 51. The perception of 41 to 50 in Tian Zhu was the most, that was 43%, and in A Lashan the herdsman under 40 years old was in the majority, accounts for 38%. There are 66% herdsmen were primary school. After compared the life style and custom of the two areas, large changes were happened. In A Lashan there is much more protection for their national language than in Tian Zhu. The herdsmen in A Lashan who can speak Chinese are less than that in Tian Zhu which reflects there are more channels for Tian Zhu's herdsmen to obtain new things. Compared with the traditional life custom, less life customs were reserved.According to the research on two regions'religious actives, things, payout and degree, great changes of the herdsmen'religious views were fond, especially in A Lashan there was little religious people and actives. The degree of religious belief were lower which had less influences on the ecological views of herdsmen.There ecological views characteristics of different age groups were different. The middle and aged herdsmen have strong ecological views. The younger the herdsmen were, the weaker their ecological views was, while the much more economic view was. The experience of the herdsmen obviously influences their ecological views , but the culture exerted little on their view. Though there is different understand of grassland degradation, they point put the same reason for the degradation which was contrary to the views of the scholars and official. For the returning land foe grazing to pasture project, the herdsmen of the two area also had different understand, and many herdsmen have unique opinion on the problem of the grassland.According to the investigation, the different geography and climate of the two areas, but the characteristics of the ecological views in two places were the same. The influential factors of the ecological views of herdsmen were the same, those were herdsmen'age, experience and income. While the education and religion belief had little influence on their ecological views.