| The effect of organic substrate compositions which componented mainly by dungs of oxes,and the quantity on growth,physiological characteristics,yield and quality of 'Baoguan'tomato were investigated.Six substrate compositions were designed by volume ratio and showed as follows,and the control plants were cultivated in soil.PT1 oxes dung:sand:rice bush:wheat straw = 4:2:2:2;PT2 oxes dung:sand:rice bush:chicken dung = 4:2:2:2;PT3 oxes dung:sand:rice bush:sheep dung = 4:2:2:2;PT4 oxes dung:sand:rice bush:chicken dung:sheep dung = 4:2:2:1:1;PT5 oxes dung:sand:rice bush:wheat straw:chicken dung = 4:2:2:1:1;PT6 oxes dung:sand:rice bush:wheat straw:sheep dung = 4:2:2:1:1.Different quantities of organic substrate,which 40L(LT1),50L(LT2),60L(LT3) and 70L(LT4) were cased,the same plants(five) were cultivated in one bag.The results showed as follows.1.The available nutrient of organic substrates was higher than that of control remarkably.Organic substrates showed a suitable bulk density and porosity.The EC and pH of organic substrates were a bit too high at the biginning,but decreased to the suitable range in fruit stage(EC＜2.5 ms/cm, PH 5～7.5).2.The plant height,stem diameter,weight of dry matter of each plant part of tomato cultivated in organic substrate bags were higher than those of the control,and the optimum composition was T2(oxes dung:sand:rice bush: chicken dung = 4:2:2:2).3.The root activity,nitrate redutase activity,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate(Pn) of tomato leaves cultivated in organic substrates bags increased by different degree compared with the control,especial the PT2.The Pn of PT1 and PT3 were lower than that of the control in later of the fruit stage. The plants showed premature senility.4.The rate of fruit set,single fruit weight and total yield of tomato cultivated in organic substrate bags were all higher than those of the control,and PT2 increased by the the most extent.5.The utilization for nitrogen of tomato cultivated in organic substrate bags was 25.0%～41.6%.PT4,PT2 and PT3 showed higher utilization for nitrogen compared with the control and no significant different were observed in it between PT1,PT5,PT6 and the control.The phosphorus utilization in each treatment was about 10%,and similar data were found in plants cultivated in different organic substrate bags.The utilization for potassium of tomato cultivated in organic substrate bags was 38.5%～62.5%.PT3 showed the highest utilization,and higer than that of the control.No remarkable difference was observed in potassium utilization between PT4 and the control.PT2,PT6, PT1 and PT5 decreased the utilization for potassium in proper order,and lower than the control significantely.6.The dry matter content of tomato fruits cultivated in organic substrate bags was 6.5～7.6%,and showed similar values among different organic substrate compositions.But they were higher than those of the control.PT2 showed the higher contents of VC(3.43 mg/kg FW) and soluble protein (5.93mg/g FW),moderate ratio of suger and acid,the lest content of nitrate (113.93μg/g),and therefore,the best quality. 7.The plant height,stem diameter,weight of the dry matter,absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and the yield of tomato decreased as organic substrate application decreased.No significant differences were observed in more of the above indexes between LT1 and LT2.The utilization for nitrogen and phosphorus of tomato decreased as organic substrate application decreased.Whereas the utilization for potassium was on the contrary.8.Sum up the results,PT2 showed the significant increase in yield,better quality.The optimum quantity of organic substrate was 60L/bag(12 L/plant).
|
PDF Full Text Request