Studies On The Degradation Characteristics Of Bast Fiber Mulching Film And Its Effects On Soil And Crops

Cultivation with mulching film gained great achievements in modern agriculture production. However, using of plastic mulch film for long time increased residue of plastic mulch film and resulted the soil degradation, environmental pollution and ecosystem imbalance. Developing and using degradable film is an availability method to solving the problems above. Researchers of Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, developed the bast fiber mulch film with plant fiber by specifically arts and crafts, which has the functions of keeping water, preserving heat, and preventing grass. It precedes plastic mulch film at planting with reason. It is scarcity for investigate of bast fiber mulching film degradation characteristics and the effects on soil and crops, and technique of degradation. This article has studied the degradation characteristics and effects of bast fiber mulching film on soil and crops. The study results show that:1, During the autumn, bast fiber mulching film has degraded at surface for six to seven months. The rupture force changed rapidly at anterior and posterior, and changed slowly at middle. The rate of stretch increased at prophase, and decreased at anaphase. The buried of bast fiber mulching film changed slowly at prophase and rapidly changing at latter. It needed two months to degrade absolutely.2, Soil fertility influenced the degradation of bast fiber mulching film. High fertility was propitious to its degradation at surface and underground. There were lots of actinomycetes and microphysics in high fertility soil, in which it degraded easily. There was a significant positive correlation between the degradation of environment-friendly bast fiber film and the quantity of actinomyces and microphysics. Soil pH also affected the degradation of bast fiber mulching film. The quantity of actinomyces was increased in weak alkaline soil, in which bast fiber mulching film degraded easily because of the positive correlation between the degradation of bast fiber mulching film and the quantity of actinomyces. At the same soil pH and fertility, different bast fiber mulching film has different degradation. Plastic mulching film was not degraded. Bast fiber mulching film of R and RC had the same capability of degradation.3, Degradation of bast fiber mulching film promoted kenaf physiological characteristics, such as plant height, stem diameter, skin thick, ground fresh weight, ground dry weight and leaf area index. Its degradation was use to increase skin thick, leaf area index, ground fresh weight, ground dry weight, and promoted accumulate dry substance. The year of bast fiber mulching film for using was beneficial to enhance the proportion between dry skin and dry bone, and promoted nourishments to transfer from to skin, and advanced yields and quality of kenaf. Eight years and six years of bast fiber film mulching for using increased the yields more than control with 12.8% and 8.7% respectivly, and also increased the rate of fresh stem creating fiber morethan control with 4.4% and 7.0% respectively.4, Bast fiber mulching film degradation is conducive to improve of soil moisture and reduce soil weighs about 4% of capacity.using bast fiber mulching film for long can improve the ecological environment of soil. Bast fiber mulching film degradation improve soil organic matter, available P, available K, no effect on content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, has inhibition total potassium.5, Degradation of bast fiber mulching film could promote growth of microorganism in soil. Soil microorganism was increased as the year of bast fiber mulching film for using increased. The quantity of soil actinomycetes in the early stage had a significant difference between the different treatments, and the differences decreased gradually as the using time increased. Even there was no significant difference between the treatments of bast fiber mulching film and the control in the long time for using. However, the quantity of soil actinomycetes in bast fiber mulching film and the control were higher than plastic film significantly. In the former, the quantity of soil fungi had significant differences in the medium-term and no significant difference between the latter. Degradation of bast fiber mulching film improved soil enzyme activity, including soil catalase, cellulose and acid phosphatase cellulose. Their activitives had a significant positive correlation between them.