Evaluation The Germplasm Resource Of Allium Galanthum L.

Allium galanthum L.is a kind of wild plants with characteristics of early turning green, high edible value and strong resistance.In China,this species just distributes in Altay,Burqin, Tacheng,Bole,Manas and some other cities of Xinjiang.In this paper,this germplasm resource is evaluated from the establishment of its descriptors,determination of its nutrient composition,observation of its phenophase,germination and domestication and cultivation in order to provide reference for scientific conservation and reasonable exploitation of the Allium resources.The main results can be summarized as follows.(1) 17 descriptors are established according to IPGRI standard,and another 7 descriptors are established based on the characteristics of its roots,bulbs(leaf sheath),leaves, scapes,flowers,fruits and seeds.(2) Allium galanthum L.has high content of water,carbohydrate,protein,vitamin C and carotenoid and moderate content of crude fiber.With the growth,the content of protein and vitamin C decreased but the content of carbohydrate,crude fiber and carotenoid increased.(3) The one-year-old seedlings emerge in late April when the earth temperature rises over 8℃,and need 29 days for sprouting period,54 days for leaf-expansion period,28 days for withering period.The whole growth period is about 163 days.There is no reproductive growth in the first year.But for tillers,they emerge in early March.The sprouting period lasts about 15 days,leaf-expansion period lasts 52 days,bolting period lasts 30 days,blooming period lasts 35 days,seeds maturation period lasts 28 days and withering period lasts 44 days.The tillers renew growing after summer and than turn to dormant period in late September or early October.The annual growth period is about 204 days.Temperature is an important factor on its growth,it emerges when the earth temperature rises over 1℃,turns to the leaf-expansion period when rises over 7.34℃,bolts when rises over 25.29℃,blooms when rises over 33℃,seeds maturation when rises over 33.48℃, withers when rises over 35.06℃and new tillers grow when the earth temperature rises over 33.25℃.(4) The seeds of Allium galanthum L.germinate at a temperature range of 5～30℃and the optimum germination temperature is 20℃and 25℃.It's a kind of light dormant seeds. Storaged at low temperature can contribute to the seeds germination.Light has no significant effects on germination,but darkness is of advantage to germination.The seeds' life is more than 2 years,which is longer than other plants belong to the same genus.The seeds have poor salt tolerance which is inferior to Puccinellia tenuiflora and Puccinellia tenuiflora,but stronger ability for imbibitional chilling injury tolerance.There are more serious injury to the seeds which are imbibed at 10℃than at 5℃.The best concentration of PEG treated to the seeds increased gradually from 10%to 30%with the period prolonged at 5℃.The available method to overcome the chilling injury caused by 10℃low temperature is treated by 15%PEG.Hydration-dehydration treatment inhibits germination of seeds imbibed at low temperature.The seeds dormancy is not dominated by chemical regulation. PEG,GA₃ and penicillin have no significant effects on the germination of the new and the aging seeds.(5) Allium galanthum L.is suitable for domestication cultivation and the reproduce method is mainly by division propagation.The best population is the one that distributs in Maomao groove,Tianchi of Fukang City.