| The Gobioidei, which is one of the largest family of marine fishes and comprises more than 2000 species, is widely distrbuted throughout the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. They form a large group of animals that are dominant in most marine ecosystems. In addition, this suborder displays remarkable diversity in behavior and morphology and consequently has been some studies on evolutionary biology. The study takes ten gobies which are the most popular in off-shore of China Sea as objects. In this study, morphology, AFLP and mtDNA (16S rRNA, COI and Cyt b) were used as markers, and analyses the phylogeny of the 10 gobies. We also analysis the differences among seven populations of the S. ommaturus which is one of the important economical species.1. We analyse the morphological characters and find the variance among the 10 gobies. And we use the representative characters to construct phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree reveals that all Gobiinae gobies are pooled into one group, and Amblyopinae gobies are pooled into the other group. In the first group, C. hexanema, C. stigmatias, A. flavimanus and S. ommaturus are pooled into one subgoup, and the relationship of the former two species is closest. T. trigonocephalus represents the most basal member of the first group. In the second group, the relationship between C. Microcephalus and O. rubicundus is close.2. S. ommaturus, which is one of the most popular fishes in off-shore of China Sea, is an important economical species. The study takes seven populations as objects to compare with their morphological variances. The results reveal that most characters are significantly deifferent among the seven populations. And the morphological characters which cause the variances among the seven populations are mainly upper gill rakes, TL/BL, BD/BL, CPL/CPD . The cluster tree indicated that the gobies from Dongying and Ganyu are pooled into one group, while the other sea areas are pooled into another group. According to the Mayrs'75% rule, the results show that difference between Dongying, Ganyu and the other sea areas was greater than difference between subspecies, while differences between populations of Dongying and Ganyu and among the other populatiions are still below the population level.3. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP) technique are used to estimate phylogeny of gobies which belong to ten species. A total of 220 loci are amplied using five primer combinations in forty-five individuals of ten species, and the percentage of the polymorphic loci of each primer is 100%. The UPGMA dendrogram shows that the ten species can be clustered into two branches, one closing O.rubicundus, T.vagina, C.microcephalus, and the other closing the other seven species. In the first branch, the relationship between T.vagina and C.microcephalu is closer. In the second branch, the relationship among C. hexanema, C. stigmatias, A. flavimanus and S. ommaturus is close, and they are pooled into one sub-branch, while the other three species are pooled into another sub-branch.4. We analyse 16S rRNA, COI and Cyt b gene in ten species. The results show that average base composition of the three gene fragments is A+T>C+G. And the average rate of Ti/Tv of the three gene fragment is about 1.4. The nucleotide substitution mostly occurres at the third position in COI and Cyt b gene with ten species gobies. The three phylogenetic trees show that all the gobies form two braches, Gobiinae and Amblyopinae. In the Gobiinae branch, C. hexanema, C. stigmatias, A. flavimanus and S. ommaturus are pooled into sub-branch, and the relationship of other three gobies are not exactly solved.5. All the results of the study show that Gobiinae and Amblyopinae should be as two families based on morphology; and C. hexanema and C. stigmatias should not be divided into two genuses. |
