Research On "3S"-based(RS, GPS, GIS) Soil Erosion Monitoring Techniques For Black Soil In Heilongjiang Province

Black soils has deep humus cover,and it's physical,chemical and biological natures is very useful and profitable.It is very import agricultural soil resources and the commodity grain production base in China.Black soil zone is one of the areas where the soil erosion is rather serious in China.The soil erosion not only causes the cultivated land soil fertility degeneration and the decline of production,but also aggravates the pollution which soil nutrient,weed killer and agricultural chemicals do to surface water and ground water.The area of northeast black soil zone amounts to 1.2 million km~2,and is one of the three big black soil belts in the world (the other two is Ukraine and American Mississippi river basin).It is located at our country's Songnen Plain and terrace or low-mound area all around.The black soil zone in Heilongjiang amounts to 0.45 million km~2,and it is our country's important food production base,so, macroscopically learning the present situation and distribution of soil erosion in this area has important meanings to implement the national economy sustainable development.As a result of the historical reason and technological means' limit,the investigation of soil erosion in this area used to adopt the method of classic model inspecting and so on experience estimating.By this kind of method,we are lack of objective,exhaustive and accurate data about the present situation of soil erosion and ecology in this black soil zone,which incertain extent reduces the scientific nature and authority of decision-making on this area's ecology improving.This research takes the satellite remote sensing data(the TM phantom) as the information source,extracts wide-area,multi-phases multi-spectra and fact-based surface information to obtain the background value to interpret.It is possible to change the investigation of this area's soil erosion from traditional artificial work to digitized work technology,if we take the GIS geography information software as the interactive technology platform,use the GPS space orientation,and unify with the technical achievement and the observed data to carry on the synthetic evaluation of the soil erosion intensity type.GIS has the advantages of multi-essential factors,great criterion and centralized rich information.So,exerting these advantages will provide much support,while we learn the present and future situation of the soil erosion in black soil zone in Heilongjiang province.And this will also do good to the ecological environment quality rating.So,it has broad application prospect and a very high research value in scientific research and management of water and soil conservation,so as to the improvement of ecology.