| Rosa roxburghii Tratt. belongs to the Rosa of Rosaceae. Can be found in the temperate zone and subtropics area. R. roxburghii of nutritional value and medicinal purposes value is extremely high. In its fruit pulp maintains VC content to highest in each kind of fruit, which was called "king of the VC", In every 100 grams fruit pulp including maintains VC 2075-2725 mg. R.roxburghii include the anti-cancer material and the SOD anti-senile material, which was name "the longevity guards against the cancer" the green treasure fruit. Simultaneously also has the row of lead function, And the market prospect is extremely broad.At present, research about R.roxburghii mainly concentrate in the medicine and the comprehensive utilization and the nutrition product aspect on domestic and foreign. But the research about raising its nutrition ,medicinal ingredients by change their ploidy is still blank. .Plant tissue culture and colchicines induction technology were applied. Established rapid propagation system of diploid R.roxburghii in vitro, provide theoretical support for industrial production for the nursery. Explore the optimum conditions to obtained etraploid by colchicines induction technology .It's the bases of the research that tetraploid reproduction of R. roxburghii, the improvement of varieties, triploid cultivations.Establishment of diploid exsomatize quick numerous system in R.roxburghii . The explants were dipped in the scour 10 minutes and washen 30min by tap water, then sterilized 15 seconds by 75% alcohol and 10 min by 0.1% HgCl2, rinsed 4～5 times by sterilized water. The appropriate medium for inducing buds from explants was MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L IAA, induction rate was 93.3% and mean of buds was 2.0. The best of multiplication medium was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IAA, multiplication coefficient reached4.2. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.15 mg/L NAA, the states of plantlets and roots were good. The induction rate was84.5%, The surviving rate of plantlets was above 80% after transplanted to the ground.Establishment foundation of quick numerous system in R.roxburghii. The inducing Tetraploid of R. roxburghii was carried out by immersing buds with colchicines. The result indicated that: It was the most effectively induced by immersing buds in 0.2 % colchicine solution for 48h, which had the most tetraploid plantlets, inductive frequency was 20.08%. After the induction produces the adult plant after chromosome appraisal, its chromosome number is 2n=4x=28, belongs to the tetraploid.. The tetraploid in the diploid multiplication, takes root culture medium to multiply and take root. Multiplies and takes root was to be good, transplants the survival rate to be possible to reach 60%.The leaf, stoma, guard cell characteristics of diploids and tetraploids R.roxburghii were compared. The result indicated that tetraploids leaves were lengther,widther and thicker. The length of leaves of tetraploids were 138.7% of the diploids respectively. The width leaves of tetraploids were 157.2% of the diploids respectively, The thickness leaves of tetraploids were 150.1% of the diploids respectively. The variance analysis difference was achieves the extremely remarkable level. The guard cells' length of tetraploids were longer than diploids and were 165.2% of the diploids respectively. Width were 116.7% of the diploids respectively. The numbers of their chloroplast in the guard cells increased evidently. The tetraploid blowhole length obviously is bigger than diploid which was 163.2%for diploid. But the blowhole density drops, was 65.8% than diploid. Therefore, the leaf blade length, the width, the blowhole density. In the guard-cell size important targe take distinguishes diploid and the tetraploid R.roxburghii.The diploid and tetraploid of R.roxburghii carry on the chlorophyll content determination. The result indicated that: The chlorophyll content difference is remarkable, The tetraploids chlorophyll content of Guinong 2 number reaches 4.002 mg·g-1 which was 188.1% than diploid. And Guinong 5 number chlorophyll content was lowest that was 2.721 mg·g-1 . which was 150.1% of diploid. But R.roxburghii tetraploid chlorophyll average content was 3.302 mg·g-1 which wasl68.5% than diploid. After the variance analysis achieves difference extremely obviously.For diploid and tetraploid of R.roxburghii to carry on the low-temperature treatment, compared with the electrolyte exosmosis rate, the cell membrane damage rate, the leaf blade holds water rate. The result indicated that:Under the similar low temperature, three R.roxburghii breeds tetraploid adult plant's electrolyte exosmosis rate ,cell membrane damage rate is lower than the diploid adult plant, the leaf blade holds water rate high than diploid. This explained the tetraploid cold resistant ability, the drought resistance are stronger than diploid.
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