Study On Countermeasures And Appraisal Achievements Of Grazing Withdrawal Project In Source Region Of Yellow River

In recent years a series of ecological problems which is mainly characterized by grassland degradation has seriously affected China's economic and social sustainable development and stability. In order to curb further deterioration of the ecological environment in China, the country started implementing a series of ecological restoration projects. As an ecological restoration project, grazing withdrawal project is a strategy Project which implements to improve the national grassland ecological environment and promote the sustained economic development in pastoral areas. In this paper we take the grazing withdrawal project in Yellow River source region as a research object and have a systematic study on it, which has a clear theoretical and practical significance on its development and extension.By consulting literature, grassland management model and experience, research progress of ecological restoration and grazing withdrawal project in China and the world's major livestock industry countries were recalled. On the basis of these, status, mainly patterns and issues of the turf management in Yellow River source region were comprehensively analyzed. It is believed that management is the biggest problem in grassland resources crisis of Yellow River source region, defection of system and supply lagging are major factors caused the grassland degradation.From the perspective of micro-economics with ecology-related theory we apply the methods of Empirical Study to explore and study achievements of grazing withdrawal project. The result indicated that ecological environment in the Yellow River source region has improved significantly after actualizing grazing withdrawal project. After the implementation of grazing withdrawal, vegetation height increased 8.72 percent to 22.19 percent, vegetation cover increased 17.32 percent to 23.43 percent, and the yield increased 9.98 percent to 24.38 percent.Seen from different economic groups, the height, cover and biomass in different economic groups are on the increase, but the proportion of grasses and sedge in community increased and the weeds proportion decreased. However, with the impact of withdrawal, the production and living of herds are affected by it, in particular by a greater impact on prohibiting grazing. After the grazing withdrawal animal husbandry income of forbid grassing herdsmen dropped by 70.8 percent, while other income increased by 73.86 percent. Most of the increasing revenue comes from government subsidies of grazing withdrawal of feed grain. After the grazing withdrawal the Yellow River source region lack of new economic Growth point and the herdsmen largely depend on the government subsidies.From the consumption structure of herdsmen, the passive consumption such as life, electricity and water heating are rising, while initiative consumption is declining. As the microcosmic mainstay of economic behavior such as production and consumption in pastoral areas, herdsman family is the most basic economic decision-making unit in animal husbandry and pastoral economy. The behavior of herdsman family directly relate to grassland ecological environment and the sustainable development of regional economy. In the current circumstances, herdsman family is the main and direct participants in grazing withdrawal project, their economic behavior and cognitive response is of great significance on understanding the question in the project. The results showed that the herdsmen in the Yellow River source region have been aware of the seriousness of natural grassland degradation, so they are glad to implement the grazing withdrawal project. However, due to the lack of broad participation of pastoralists, the Government's compensation policy lacks flexibility, low standard subsidy, the resettlement program and the implementation of alternative industries are not performing well. Although the grazing withdrawal project has achieved an interim ecological benefit, which influenced the survival and development of herders. Most of the herdsmen thought that their interests are not protected, so their enthusiasm is not so high, which challenge the sustainability of the regional economy and long-term development of the project.From engineering design and management policy of grazing withdrawal, comprehensively analyzed the operation process, pointing out the irrational designs exist in the ecological engineering, mainly as follows: the irrational of fence design and compensation policy, lacking drivers of interest; faultiness of ecological resettlement and singularity of grassland restoration; lacking further study on different region scale. The safeguard measures of project are the important guarantee of whether the project can implement smoothly and of giving full play to organizations within the system between the various elements and of improving achievements of the organization and management. It is believed that there are some following weaknesses in the current management of the grazing withdrawal project: weakness in the engineering preliminary, matching funds is not in place; economic compensation are not materialized in time and in place, the detention to be serious; lacking the corresponding track management mechanism; not strict implementation of the project design.Because of the shortcomings of the policy design and management deficiency affect the achievement of the policy performance, the paper proposed that it should improve from the following aspects: implementation of paid grassland withdrawal and promoting the regional economic development; consummating ecological compensation policy and ensure the basic livelihood security of herdsmen; strengthening infrastructure and public facility construction and improving people's living conditions; strengthening scientific and technological training and developing industry from which local people can directly benefit; strengthening the management of withdrawal pasture and guarantee the exertion of grassland ecological benefits; accelerating adjustment of Industrial restructuring and promoting economic development in pastoral areas; increasing investment in science and technology and raising the level of grassland monitoring. On this basis, we introduce advanced management experience and grassland management philosophy, which has a reference on the smooth implementation of grazing withdrawal projects and grassland ecological construction in China.