Polymorphism Of Yak Growth Hormone And Growth Hormone Receptor Gene And Molecular Marker Of Growth Development

This paper uses five groups, including Datong yak, the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak, the Xinjiang yak, the Qinghai plateau yak as an object of study. It analyzes the genetic variations of the yak growth hormone gene(GH), the growth hormone acceptor (GHR) gene by using PCR-SSCP method. This paper probes GH and GHR polymorphism and the growth development character relevance. It aims to get molecular genetics information and find the growth character correlation the molecular mark. We can provide the scientific basis for the protection development and using of the special heredity resources-yaks. This research has got some results as:1. An polymorphism analysis of five yak communities in GH gene position and growth relationships(1) The result of PCR-SSCP polymorphism examination of the GH gene 3rd exon point out: This polymorphism position were controlled by pair of allele A, B, the mutation of C-T were in 1417bp, 1425bp, 1558bp. The gene frequency of allele gene A(B) at the Datong yak, the Qinghai plateau yak,the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak, the Xinjiang yak was: 0.0572 (0.9428), 0.0411 (0.9589), 0.1226 (0.8774), 0.0695 (0.9305), 0.1500 (0.8500), Allele B is superiority gene in five community. With the Hardy-weinberg balance examination in five yak communities, the Datong yak, the Xinjiang yak, the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak is at the imbalance state. With the X2 independence test, the Datong yak and the Xinjiang yak exist remarkable difference,the Qinghai plateau yak and the Xinjiang yak exist remarkable difference. The polymorphism information content result the Datong yak and the Qinghai plateau yak to be at nearly pure condition.(2) PCR-SSCP polymorphism examination of the GH gene 5rd exon result: This polymorphism position were controlled by pair of allele A1, B1, the mutation of G-T were in 2379bp. The gene frequency of allele gene A1(B1) at the Datong yak, the Qinghai plateau yak,the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak, the Xinjiang yak, was: 0.9719 (0.0284), 1.0000 (0.0000), 0.8383 (0.1617), 0.8750 (0.1250), 0.9300 (0.0700), Allele A1 issuperiority gene in five community. With the Hardy-weinberg balance examination in five yak communities, the Gannan yak is at the imbalance state. With the X2 independence test, the Tianzhu white yak exist remarkable difference for others. The polymorphism information content result the Datong yak and the Qinghai plateau yak to be at nearly pure condition.(3) Using least square analysis model to the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak, the Datong yak, different genotype of two polymorphism position and the production character target carried on the significance examination in GH gene. The result indicated: the 3rd exon of GH gene AA genotype obviously are higher than AB and the BB genotype in body weight, the body length(P<0.05); The 5th exon of GH gene is not remarkable affects to yak's growth target. In the yak breeding, we can choice the third exon. A allele individual in order to enhance the choice effect of the yak growth character.2.Five yak groups in GHR gene position polymorphism analysis and growth development relations(1) PCR-SSCP polymorphism was discovered on the fifth exon of yak GHR gene. The polymorphism position has pair of allele A2, B2, the mutation of G-T were in 147939bp. The gene frequency of allele gene A1(B1) at the Datong yak, the Qinghai plateau yak,the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak, the Xinjiang yak was: 0.1499 (0.8501), 0.0959(0.9041), 0.1667 (0.8383), 0.3797 (0.6203), 0.1200 (0.8800), Allele B2 issuperiority gene in five community. With the Hardy-weinberg balance examination in five yak communities, the Datong yak is at the imbalance state. With the X2 independence test, the Qinghai plateau yak and Datong yak exist remarkable difference, the Datong yak and the Gannan yak exist extremely remarkable difference with the Tianzhu white yak, the Qinghai plateau yak exist extremely remarkable difference besides the Datong yak, the Gannan yak and the Xinjiang yak exist remarkable difference. The polymorphism information content result the Tianzhu white yak was in moderate polymorphism , It was higher than the others.(2) Using least square analysis model to the Gannan yak, the Tianzhu white yak, the Datong yak, different genotype of two polymorphism position and the production character target carried on the significance examination in GHR gene. The result indicated: the 5rd exon of GHR gene AB genotype obviously are higher than AA and the BB genotype in body weight, the body length(P<0.05). In the yak breeding, we can choice the fifth exon B allele individual in order to enhance the choice effect of the yak growth character.