| This experiment was conducted in Shandong Agricultural University agricultural experiment station during 2005 to 2007.Under the conditions of the same density, the research analyzed winter wheat population by adjusting the row spacing and intrarow spacing which form into four distribution patterns of (A):7cm×7cm,(B):14cm×3.5cm,(C):24.5cm×2cm,(D):49cm×1cm, and studied with irrigation measures (irrigation and irrigation of time), ecology, crop cultivation theory and research methods. The results are as follows:1. Effects of different distribution patterns of winter wheat population on the flag leaf characteristics of water indexesThis study found that winter wheat flag leaf water content, water potential and osmotic potential changed along with the population distribution patterns. Flag leaf relative water content of treatment B (14cm×3.5cm) is higher than treatments A (7cm×7cm), C (24.5cm×2cm) and D (49cm×1cm). Compared with treatment A, C, D, whether or not under the irrigated conditions, treatment B has o low processing of the flag leaf water potential and osmotic potential. Population distribution patterns have an definite impact on water relative content, water potential and osmotic potential of flag leaf, but not as good as irrigation. Water relative content, water potential and osmotic potential of flag leaf were enhanced by irrigation, including treatment B with the largest increases.2. Effects of different distribution patterns of winter wheat population on soil water and water use efficiencyCompared with treatments C and D, treatment A and B could reduce soil evaporation intensity among plants, soil evaporation intensity increased as the row spacing widened. Irrigation could significantly increase the soil evaporation intensity. Compared with treatment A, C, D, treatment B could increase the soil moisture content in 0~30cm, but reduce the deep soil moisture content below 30cm. Treatment B could consume much soil moisture than other treatments, as a result, soil storage water of 0~120cm during the growth stages of winter wheat was decreased.Water consumption intensity of treatment B was higher than treatments A, C, D. During the growth stages of sowing ~ reviving, there is no significant difference of the soil evaporation intensity between treatment B and other treatments, and treatment B enhance the plant transpiration density at latter growth stages, thus the evapotranspiration is increased. Soil moisture variety of treatment B was much higher than other treatments; this was the main reason why treatment B could significantly raise evapotranspiration of winter wheat farmland. The results showed that population distribution patterns have an definite impact on soil evaporation intensity, soil storage water, water consumption intensity and water consumption, but not as well as irrigation.Winter wheat population distribution patterns could influence water use efficiency significantly. WUE of treatment B was higher than other treatments. The impact of irrigation on WUE was higher than population distribution patterns; treatment B could significantly improve WUE. With the increase of irrigation amount, winter wheat yield and total water consumption of treatment A, B, C, D significantly increased as the WUE decreased. 3. Effects of different distribution patterns of winter wheat population on farmland micro-climateExperimental studies showed that winter population distribution patterns could influence the farmland micro-climate. Treatment B could reduce air temperature above ground and soil temperature of 5cm, and also increase air relative humidity r. Compared with treatment A, C, D, treatment B could improve the winter canopy structure, and significantly increase the LAI, thereby reduce the transmission rate of PAR, to a certain extent reduce the canopy of the PAR reflectivity, causing the PAR interception rate increase. From the perspective of energy balance, treatment B could reduce the turbulent heat flux near the ground and soil heat flux, increase the latent heat flux and change the surface of the micro-climate conditions, increased air humidity, thereby reducing the planting area of soil moisture invalid loss.Under the condition of irrigation, the PAR interception rate of all treatments increased significantly, and the near-surface air temperature, 5cm soil temperature, turbulent heat flux and soil heat flux significantly decreased, while the air humidity and soil heat flux significantly increased, treatment B with the performance of the most obvious.4. Effect of different distribution patterns of winter wheat population on yield and yield componentsWinter population of different distribution patterns caused the water use efficiency significantly different, and water use efficiency was caused mostly by yield and yield components. This study showed that the winter wheat population with different distribution patterns can affect yield and yield components. All the treatments of unit area on the ears changed significantly with the distributions. Treatment A, B, C, and D have significant difference between the number of ears and kernel numbers, respectively. Thousand kernel weight of treatment D was higher than treatment A and B. Whether irrigated or not, treatment B has a higher yield, because of the significant increase in panicles. With the increase of irrigation amount, three elements of yield components also increased, with the exception of treatment D.
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