| Experiment was conducted by using major cultivar cabernet sauvignon, chardonnay in Yantai COFCO Winery wine grapes base for studying the effect of cultivation measures such as: constructing by grafting with resistant rootstocks, planting density, pruning system, crop load, leaf canopy management, harvest stage, formula organic fertilizer on yields and quality of wine grapes, nutrition accumulation in grape trees and resistance. 1.The own-rooted wine grape Cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay stretched on the base level, belonged to feeder root, 58.6% roots concentrating at 0~20cm soil layers, 34.5% roots concentrating at 20~40cm soil layers; While the emergence angles ranging of grafting wine grapes (Cabernet sauvignon/ SO4 and chardonnay/420A) were narrow, vertical root distribution deep, 53.4% roots concentrating at 20 ~40cm soil layers, some roots even concentrating at 60 ~80cm soil layers; Grafting vines growed vigorously, and had strong resistance to low temperature, drought stress. While the bearing habits was not significantly.2.Planting density was the main factor which influenced yield, the yield of Cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay increased with the increase of planting density, while the sugar content decreased. The yield increased sharply when the row spacing decreased to 1.6m, the yield of planted 7800/ha.increased 74.3% and 81.7% respectively than the yield of planted 3990/ha.. While the sugar content decreased 10% and 17% respectively. Through comprehensive comparison, the row spacing of 2m and individual plant space of 0.8-1.2m were propitious to the yield and higher sugar content, the yield of Cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay were 13500 and 16500 kg/ha. respectively, and sugar content were 180 and 200g/l.3. The sector shaping prunes with more main vines was traditional pruning, which was easy to get the high yield but was easy to be influenced, whose fruit had bad quality, while was easily to be fixed-site furrow protecting grape through winter with soil; The shaping prunes with single trunk with two horizontal branches was the standardization shape, which was easy managed and regulate yield, whose fruit had good quality, while couldn't be fixed-site furrow protecting grape through winter with soil. We change the sector shaping prunes with more main vines to shaping prunes with single trunk with two horizontal branches under the condition of no necessary to fixed-site furrow protecting grape through winter with soil in Penglai, the main technology was choose a strong branch as main trunk, the trunk was 80cm high with two fruiting branches, the length of each fruiting branch was half of the individual plant space. The yield in the current year was 7500kg/ha., and the yield in the second year could reach the stable yield of this shaping prunes. This could save two years than newly constructed grape vine orchard, and the cost of the first two years was 75000yuan/ha., which could save 20% cost.4. The yield and sugar content varied significantly with the planting densities and shaping prunes, the yield of cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay with sector shaping prunes with more main vines were 38%and 27.6% higher than shaping prunes with single trunk with two horizontal branches, while the sugar content decreased 8.8%,14.1% respectively; The yield of fruit bodies and sugar content were same and fruit quality was significantly increased when the sector shaping prunes with more main vines were changed to shaping prunes with single trunk with two horizontal branches.5,The sugar content of grape fruit with different yield were significantly different under the same site condition. The sugar content of cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay significantly decreased with the yield increasing between 37500 and 12000kg/ha.. While the increase amount of sugar content were not statistic significantly as the yield decreased under 3750 kg/ha. Both the fruit quality and the tree growth potential achieved the best level when cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay with yield of 1500000kg/ha. and 12000kg/ha. respectively.6.Yield and fruit quality were influenced by management of new shoots leaf canopy in summer. Leaving the lateral shoots above the fruit position improved the composition leaf age, the leaf canopy increased 2.2 times and the photosynthetic ability were significantly increased. The labor cost decreased 20% and the management expenses cost were reduced 1500-2250yuan/ha. with this method.7. The harvest time were determined by the ratio of sugar to acid, the proper ratio of sugar to acid of cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay were above 33 and 25 respectively, and the proper harvest time of cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay were about October.10 and september.10 respectively. The branch air-dry ratio of cabernet sauvignon increased significantly with the continuing harvest time delayed, which were harmful to vine growth.8.The nitrate-N content in petioles were influenced by the kind of fertilizer, rootstocks and varieties. Adding organic fertilizers and microelement fertilizer could significantly improve the nitrate-N content; The effective period of leaf-surface fertilization was short; N absorbability of different rootstocks and varieties were significantly different.9.Roots absorbability were influenced by N-fertilizer application patterns, Nitrate-N accumulation in vine petiole was high when fertilizing in the root concentrated zone; The optimal fertilization pattern of root distribution of deep and narrow was 20～30cm fertilization depth and 40～60cm distance to trunk; The optimal fertilization pattern of root distribution of shallow and wide was 10~20cm depth and 40~80cm distance to trunk. Fertilizing on the surface had a short fertilizer efficiency period and the worst fertilization pattern was fertilizing in the middle of rows. Fertilizing depth properly could improve fruit weight and soluble solid contents.10. More than 20 disease and insect pest of vine grape were surveyed to studied on the standardization production technologies of wine grapes base, a control calendar of disease and insect pest of vine grape were put forward. |
