Study On Nutrient Background Values Of Common Flowers In Wuhan And Fertilization Effect Of Two Flowers

With the development of social economy,the demand for flower is increasing, more and more new varieties appears and the trends of scale production is remarkable. The conventional models of applying fertilizer are not suitable for modern flower production.Therefore,it is very significant to develop the scientific fertilization.In this study,114 species of common flowers in Wuhan were collected for determining the content of 11 kinds of nutrients and analysing the laws between nutrients,demand quantity and the formulation of nutrients.In the seperated experiments,the fertilizer efficiency of Calenduld officinalis L.and two small chrysanthemum was studied,and a test experiment by NPK "3414" design and a interaction experiment of NK were conducted for searching after the fertilizer recipe of Calenduld officinalis L.and two small inflorescences.These nutrient characters results and referenced fertilization models of typical common flowers of Wuhan are helpful to give technical support of scientific fertilizatio for common flowers.The main results were summaried as follows:(1) The nutrient background values of common flowers in Wuhan was obtained and the laws were analysed.The arithmetic mean values of the nutrient content of common herbage flowers in Wuhan were all in the sequence of K＞N＞Ca＞P＞S＞Mg＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞B＞Cu,and the woody flowers were all in the sequence of N＞K＞Ca＞P＞S＞Mg＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞B＞Cu.The variation coefficient of the nutrient content of common herbage flowers in Wuhan were all in the sequence of Mn＞Zn＞Cu＞Fe＞S＞P＞B＞Mg＞N＞Ca＞K,and the woody flowers were all in the sequence of Mn＞B＞Mg＞Zn＞Cu＞Fe＞S＞N＞P＞K＞Ca.In comparison to the mean values of the nutrient content of global herbage and woody plant,the average rate which exceeded normal range of each nutrient content of common herbage and woody flowers in Wuhan were 3.6%and 15.2%.The nutrient elements in the herbage flowers which accord with normal distribution were P,S,B,Zn and Cu,and which accord with logarithm normal distribution were Mn and Ca.The nutrient elements in the woody flowers which accord with normal distribution were N,P,K and Ca,and which accord with logarithm normal distribution were N,P,K and Ca.(2) The correlation of nutrient elements of common flowers in Wuhan were analysed.The results showed that the proportion of element pairs of common herbage flowers in Wuhan which were in significant level was 38.2%.Among them,15 element pairs were highly significant positive correlation and the proportion was 27.3%,and those element pairs were NP,NK,NS,PK,PS,PZn,KS,KCu,CaMg, CaFe,CaS,CaB,SZn,FeB and ZnCu.6 element pairs were significant positive correlation and the proportion was 10.9%,and those element pairs were NFe,PCa, KB,KZn,SFe and SCu.The proportion of element pairs of common woody flower in Wuhan which were in significant level was 21.8%.Among them,7 element pairs were highly significant positive correlation and the proportion was 12.7%,and those element pairs were NK,NMg,NS,KS,KMg,CaMg and MgS.3 element pairs were significant positive correlation and the proportion was 5.5%,and those element pairs were NP,CaS and MnZn.2 element pairs were significant negative correlation and the proportion was 3.6%,and those element pairs were NFe and PFe.(3) The relationship between nutrient elements of common flowers in Wuhan was studied and the unnormal flowers whose nutrient elements content is out of normal range was found.The variation coefficient of N/P and N/K of common herbage and woody flowers were less than 40%,but the variation coefficient of all the microelements pairs were more than 60%.The value of N/P was less than 14 except for Dracaena concinna cv.Tricolor.It was showed that the growth type of most flowers were limited by Nitrogen.(4) The clustering characteristics of common flowers in Wuhan was analysed by the system clustering method.The common herbage flowers in Wuhan were divided into 11 groups.The results showed that every group contained different orders, families and genus,It was proved that flowers with different genetic relationship would have similarity.The flowers in the same order which had traditional taxonomy similarity could be always divide into same group.Autumn chrysanthemumand Begonia were divided into several groups.Celosia L.and Dracaena were divided into one group.The clustering effect of latter was better than the former.The woody flowers were divided into 7 group.The clustering effect of Rosaceae and Ericaceae was good.(5) The fertilizer ratioes of NPK and NCaMg of common flowers in Wuhan were calculation.The amount of nutrient accumulation and dry weight of the common herbage flowers was obtained.For most herbage and woody flowers,the value of P₂O₅/N and K₂O/N increased or decreased simultaneously.There were 62.4%and 47.6%herbage and woody flowers in the interval of which the value of P₂O₅/N was 0.3,0.4 and 0.5 and the value of K₂O/N was 1.2,1.4 and 1.6.There were 60.2% herbage flowers in the interval of which the value of Ca/N was 0.10,0.14 and 0.18 and the value of Mg/N was 0.08,0.12 and 0.16.There were 42.9%woody flowers in the interval of which the value of Mg/N was 0.12.(6)The fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer ratio of Calenduld officinalis L.were studied.Our results showed that N and P played important roles in vegetative and reproductive growth.The effect of K was mainly reflected in the late growth stage. There is an obvious positive interactions between N and P.Regarding total flowers, functional leavers,plant height and dry weight as the target,it was showed that the recommended fertilizer amount of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O for pot application were 0.4,0.2 and 0.3 g/kg(each pot filled with 2 kg substrate).In the verification test of fertilizer recipe,functional leavers,dry weight and the total number of flowers of fertilizer recipe treatment was better than check treatment.(7) The NK fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer ratio of two small inflorescences was studied.Our results showed that the range of nitrogen amount of red small inflorescences wider than yellow small inflorescences.The low dosage of potassium amount could make the various characters data of two small inflorescences be in a high level.The high dosage of potassium amount could make the various characters data incresed and this trend was obviously in red small inflorescences.Regarding total flowers,lengh of first branch,plant height and dry weight as the target,it was showed that the recommended fertilizer amount of N and K₂O for pot application for red small inflorescences were 0.47 and 0.40 g/kg,and for yellow small inflorescences were 0.43 and 0.32 g/kg.The ratio of N:K of red small inflorescences was higher than yellow small inflorescences.