Polyploidy Induction And Identification Of Characteristics Medicinal Plants In Xinjiang

Polyploid breeding is one of the important ways to get new varieties. Because of the double chromosome number, medicinal plants generally have giant roots, stems, leaves, blooms, and fruits, and also have stronger plant resistance, more active ingredients .It is the very aim that people expect to achieve in high-quality and high-yield breeding.In order to promote the production and efficacious components in Cistanche deserticola, to improve its quality, Method: 0.2% Colchicines, 0.1% agar and DMSO solution was used to treat plant growth point of Cistanche deserticola, dealing them 1d, 2d, and 3d respectively. Result: The most effective treatment was 0.2% colchicines for 3 days which could induce polyploidy of C. deserticola. Stem pollen and ovary of increased polyploid plants were more notablely than the wild ones in morphology. The chromosome number of pollen of mutated C. deserticola was n=2x=40, while the chromosome number of wild one was n=x=20. Conclusion: Mutated plants were autotetraploid. We found that echinacosde in the induced plants was 12.7% more than the control by HPLC.Also,for the sake of promoting the inducement rate of polyploidy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and enriching the herbs were germplasm resources, Method: the apical portion of seedlings was induced by 0.2% colchicines, 0.1% agar and DMSO solution treatment for the first time,and treted 1d, 2d, 3dand 4d respectively. Autotetraploid plants were selected and identified based on morphological, cytological observation. Result: Treatment with 0.2% colchicine for 3d yielded double chromosomes at highest rates and the rate of tetraploid was 80.39%. Compared with the diploid ones, the autotetraploid plants possessed crimple in leaves, the less density of stomatas with larger stomatal and the plants short change remarkably. Cytological observation showed the chromosome number of variant plants was 2n=4x=32, while that of normal diploid plant was 2n=2x=16. Conclusion: The variant plants belonged to tetraploid plants. Apart from this study, we also researched photosynthesis, stomatal conductance of the tetraploid plants and the control ones. It showed that Pn of tetraploid Glycyrrhiza leaves were less than diploid. The result was in line with the fact that tetraploid Glycyrrhizas were short stature than the diploid ones.