| The experiments were carried out to determine the difference of digestive physiology among cockerel, drake and gander. They were compared in the organ structure of digestive system, the ration of the empting chyme, the activity of digestive enzyme, and the digestibility of energy, amino acids and crude fiber in wheat bran, corn, soybean meal and alfafa meal, respectively. The difference resulted from anatomy, digestive physiology and the mutrition.1. Comparision of the digestibility of the energy, AA and the crude fiber among cockerel, drake and gander.The experiment was carried out to determine the AME, the TME and the digestibility of AA, NDF and ADF in wheat bran, corn, soybean meal and alfafa meal, respectively. Each bird of 32 birds (each bird had 8 birds) was forced to eat 50 g feed after fasted 36 h, and collected the fenal in 48 h. The result was the AME of wheat bran of gander was lower (P<0.05) than the cockerel and drake, but the TME was lower than cockerel (P<0.05), the other feed had no significant difference among them (P>0.05).As for the AAAD and the TAAD, cockerel was higher than the drake and gander, but there was no significant difference for drake comparied with cockerel and gander, it had significant difference between cockerel and gander. As for the amount of endogenous amino acids, cockerel was lower than drake and gander (P<0.05), but no significant difference between drake and gander (P>0.05).As for the digestibility of NDF of wheat bran, gander was lower than cockerel and drake (P<0.05). As for the digestibility of NDF and ADF of alfafa meal, cockerel was higher than drake (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference for the other feed among them.2. Comparision of the anatomy among the cockerel, drake and gander.12 birds for each of them were dissested. Coparisied the weight and the length of digestive tract among them, the result was, as for the relative length of digestive tract, cockerel was longer than drake and gander (P<0.05), drake was longer than gander, the net and the relative weight of pancreas and gizzard were highter than cockerel (P<0.05), the relative weight of liver and small intestine had no significant difference among them, the relative weight of cecum for cockerel was higher than drake and gander (P<0.05).The length of cockerel small intestine was longer than drake and gander (P<0.05), the thickness of small intestine of drake and gander was higher than cockerel (P<0.05).3. Comparision of the ration of the empty chyme.One bird og six groups (each group had 3 birds) was fasted, after 36 h, it was forced to eat 50 g dry feed, and slaughtered one bird in each group in 4 h, 8 h, 14 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. The excreta of the different part of digestra tract was collected.As for the empting chyme, the result was the cockerel was slower than drake and gander, the time of empting chyme was determinied 48 h, 36 h and 24 h, respectively.The law of empting chyme was a decreasing process for cockerel, but was increasing, than decreasing for drake and gander.4. Comparision of activity enemzy and the value of pH.Birds were fasted 36 h, than forced to eat 50 g dry feed, after 6 h, they were slaughtered. The chyme was collected from crop, glandular stomach, duodenum and jejunum, respectively.The pH in the whole digestive tract for all the birds was acid, the value of pH was the biggest in intestine and the lowest in glandular stomach, the pH in glandular stomach and in cecum of cockerel was lower than drake and gander (P<0.05), but the pH in crop was lower than gander (P<0.05), the pH in jejunum of drake was lower than gander (P<0.05), the other parts of digestive tract had no significant difference(P>0.05).The activity of pepsin in small intestine for all the birds was decreasing as follows, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the other enzyme in jejunum and ileum was higher than duodeunm, the activity ofα-amylase and the for cellulose cockerel were higher than drake and gander (P<0.05), its lipase activity was higher than gander (P<0.05), the activity ofα-amylase in ileum was higher than drake (P<0.05), the activity of cellulose was higher than drake and gander (P<0.05), the cellulose of drake in ileum was higher than gander (P<0.05), the enzyme activity in other parts of digestive tract had no significant difference.In a word, the anatome and the digestive physiology of light cockerel had difference with weight drake and gander, among them, the availability of feed had the same level, but higher than gander.
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