Effect Of Different Way Of Biogas Manure Application On Photosynthesis Haracteristic And Grain Yield Of Winter Wheat

Biogas manure is a new type of agricultural fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation residues. It has advantages of organic manure, chemical fertilizers and trace fertilizer. And it is long-acting like organic manure, quickly available like chemical fertilizers and synergistic like trace fertilizer. The nutrients are comprehensive, and its effects are lasting. Able Biogas manure can balance nutrition for crops and improve physical and chemical properties of the soil, which enhances soil fertility and increase crop yielding, and improved crop quality. It can also reduce or mitigate the pollution of environment caused by pesticides, fertilizers and hormones. Using biogas manure has significant benefits to economy, society and ecological environments. In order to explore the effects of yield in the winter wheat at different rate, modes and time, using two wheat varieties of Xinong-979 and Wunong-148, some experiments are conducted on biogas manure application in winter wheat in Long county and yang ling town.(1) The effect of wheat seed soaked in biogas slurryThe experiment results of wheat seed soaked in biogas slurry show that the highest rate of germination and the dry weight of wheat seedling plant are significantly higher than those of controls when wheat seed soaked 12 hours at the concentration of 100%. The time of wheat seed soaking should be no longer than 24h, or it will inhibit the germination of wheat. Field tests show that the chlorophyll content of wheat leaf by soaking in the biogas slurry was significantly higher than control at seedling stage, the difference was gradually reduced with the growth stage shifting back. And the Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr of wheat leaf soaked in biogas slurry at the jointing stage and filling stage is better than control. The yield of the soaked in biogas increased 480 kg/hm2 and 10.5% than control, and the pikes per unit area, the number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight of soaking in the biogas slurry increase more than water soaking.(2) The effect of biogas manure used as base fertilizerWhen biogas manure used as base fertilizer, the wheat turns green faster, giving more tillers, and grows with more vigor. Using biogas manure as base fertilizer can also significantly improve photosynthetic characteristics of the wheat leaves. It also improves leaf chlorophyll content, the efficiency the water usage of leaves and enhances leaf photosynthetic rate. Leaf chlorophyll content has improved 15% - 22% and Pn has increased 8.7%-24.7% more than the control. When the level of chemical fertilizer using biogas manure as base fertilizer is reduced to half of the level of control, the yield of using biogas manure increases 12.3% -26.1% than control.(3) Effect biogas manure used as top dressingBiogas manure used as top dressing at turning green stage on winter wheat will improve the chlorophyll content effectively. It can delay the degradation of chlorophyll, keep higher duration of chlorophyll , improve leaf photosynthetic rate effectively and prolonge leaves effective photosynthesis period. It can also increase wheat leaf area and improve leaves water use efficiency. Per unit area yield, effective spike, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight have improved significantly than control. The production of wheat grain has increased with the increasing application of Biogas manure at first. After reduction of parabolic trend, and it is able to maintain a higher yield with the increase usage of fertilizer of biogas manure, the yield from treatment with application improves more than 22,500 kg/hm2 compared with the control, and the Pn increases 62.5%-70.8%,the yield increases 33.2%-40.6% than using proper biogas manure.(4) Effect of spraying biogas slurry on winter wheatSpraying biogas slurry on winter wheat at jointing stage has an obvious catalytic role on height. Spraying in booting and filling stage has little effect on height, but play a very good role in promoting the length of spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight. And spraying biogas slurry can increase the yield of wheat significantly. The effects differ on the yield with different concentration of the biogas slurry. The order of concentration effect wheat yield by spraying biogas is 50%> 75%> 25%> 100%> ck. The best is 50%, which increases 19.7% compared with the control.(5) Effect on wheat production of different application rate of biogas manure used as base fertilizer and soaking seedsAfter soaking in biogas slurry there is remarkable increase in the rate of wheat sprouting and unit area panicles yielding, compared with the control. When biogas as basic fertilizer is low in amount, grain per spike and 1000-grain weight of soaking in biogas slurry is below the soaking water, but yield and spikes of per areas are still higher than that of the soaking in water. The yield of soaking in biogas slurry increases 16.3%-41.8% and that of soaking in water is 7.7%-45.8%. The production of wheat grain soaked in biogas slurry increases with the increase of biogas manure application. The range of yield increases significantly, and the grain weight and grain number per spike had increased after fertilizer add. And fertilizer adding can compensate for the shortage of spikes per unit area yielding. Thus, the production improves.(6) Effect on wheat production of biogas manure used as base fertilizer and soaking seeds and spraying biogas slurry on seeding wheatSoaking in biogas slurry can give an extremely significant increase in wheat spikes per unit area, but the grain number and 1000-grain weight are less than the soaking water. When the application of biogas manure as base fertilizer reaches 22500 kg/hm2, liquid soaking wheat yields more than water soaking. The liquid spraying can increase wheat grain weight and grain number, of which 50 per cent concentration of the liquid has the greatest impact on wheat production, and its production is also 20.1% higher than the control.