AM Fungi On The Growth And Drought Resistance Of Cabernet Sauvignon Cuttings

The reacher was done in the greenhouse of Northwest A&F University, in Yangling of Shaanxi province, from 2006 to 2007year. The cutting for trial was European vine varieties named Cabernet Sauvignon , which was storing in the soil in the winter of 2006. Two kinds of AM fungi, one is Glomus mosseae(Gm), the other is Glomus etunicatum(Ge).Seperatly inoculate single fungi and mixed up two fungis, mix with culture medium(zeolite and sand), infected root , hyphae and spores. Density of spores is about 30 spores / ml, inoculate of 30 ml/basin, theCK innoculate with the same fungi but sterilized in 121℃high-temperature.100d after inoculation, determine the various biological indicators of vine: height, stem thick, ground and underground plant dry weight, mycorrhizal dependence, mycorrhizal infection rate, soluble sugar, soluble protein, P content, etc. Settings 4 drought stress gradient:T1 (30%-35%), T2 (40%-45%), T3 (55%-60%) and normal T4 (70%-75%). After 30d of drought stress, determine drought resistance physiological indicators: the protection enzyme activity system of the leaves and roots, MDA content and the relative conductivity, osmolyte: soluble sugar, soluble protein content and dissociate proline of leaves, the changes of plants mycorrhizal infection rate and mycorrhizal dependent, and rhizosphere soil microbes and soil enzyme activity of the different response to drought stress, the results are as follows:1. The differences of different ways inoculate on Cabernet Sauvignon cuttingsUsing Gm single, Ge single and Gm + Ge mixed inoculate, mycorrhizal infection rate of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings show as follows: Gm + Ge mixed > Ge single > Gm single. It mean that the Ge fungi has stronger affinity with Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings , than Gm fungi, and mixed-fungi has more obvious effects on plants, for it can infect on the lack of space of single fungi.2. AM fungi on the growth of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttingsAfter AM fungi inoculated Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings the growth indicators: height, stem thick, ground and underground plant dry weight, and physical indicators: root activity, photosynthesis, soluble sugar and soluble protein content, were significantly higher than those of CK plants. It can be verified, from mycorrhizal dependence: Mixed inoculation (131.11%), Ge (122.47%), Gm (121.21%), so mixed fungi has the most obvious effects on plants, little difference between single fungi.3. Under drought stress the effect of Mycorrhizal on the osmolyte of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttingsUnder drought stress, three kinds of plants'osmolyte: soluble sugar, soluble protein and dissociate proline, have different trend. The first two osmolyte are descreasing as the drought serious. Under the same drought conditions, innoculate treatment were significantly higher than that of CK. With the soil moisture reduce, three inoculated dissociate proline first increase rapidly, then increase slowly, while the CK increased to the maximum in severe drought condition, to speculate that the cell membrane may have damaged.4. Under drought stress the effect of Mycorrhizal on the protection enzyme system and MDA content of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttingsUnder the same water conditions, three kinds of protection enzyme: SOD, POD and CAT activity of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings, all shown that innoculate treatment was significantly higher than CK, and mixed fungi inoculated > Ge single inoculated> Gm single inoculated, the same as the effect of AM fungi on the plant growth. Their MDA content changed on the contrary to protection enzyme, and CK were significantly higher than those of inoculated plants. That shown increase protection enzyme activity can reduce the formation of MDA, and the results of relative conductivity CK is the highest, the lowest is mixed fungi, also support that view.5. The effect of AM fungi on the rhizosphere soil microbes and soil enzyme of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttingsThe trial mainly determine the content of three main soil microorganisms: bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Three kinds of microbe changed differently with different soil moisture, the total amount of microbe gradually decreased along with soil moisture reduced, and the same soil moisture, the inoculated treatments are significantly higher than that of CK. Determine the activity of soil enzyme: catalase, invertase, protease, cellulose and phosphatase, the activity of five kinds of soils enzyme are basically first increase, then slow, as the soil moisture reduced . Different enzyme has different sensitivity to drought., the rate of change also different. However, under the same water conditions , the inoculated can significantly enhance the soil microbe so to enhance soil enzyme activity.