The Specialized Raising Technology In Model Of Reserve Heifers

Traditional raising model that cattle of different age were reared in one group in our country always impacts the growth and development of reserve heifers, which results in the quality of the growing cattle degraded and the following production capacity of the cattle herds deficient. And then influence the performance of the cattle herds,including the yield and quality of the milk lactating. Finally, the economic returns of the farm will be decreased.Based on the status and characteristic of heifer raising in our country and main problem and developing opportunity existing in it, a new raising management mode of dairy cattle was introduced, namely specialized raising of replacement heifer, in which foreign experience and available cattle feeding technology advantages of our own were also assimilated. Depending on the establishment of replacement heifer raising farm, combining the science and technology of cattle raising and management rationally, the mode changes the traditional raising model, the chief mission of which is to generalizing and developing advanced and effective feeding technology.Based on the establishment of reserve heifer raising farm, this model practiced TMR raising and informational network management technique and in which professional and intensive raising techniques were performed, including feeding and management of calves separated, early weaning the calves and mating the growing cattle, etc. Meanwhile, in the growing stage of the replacement heifers, instituting different nutritional and rearing standards and adopting corresponding techniques at different stage, according to the nutritional and handling requirement of different growing and developmental stage of calves after born. All of which were to explore the growing potential with least cost and achieve the aim of weaning the calves and mating the growing cattle as early as possible.The research suggested that, using this form, the calves can be weaned when they were 45 to 50 days old and about 1.5 kg concentrated feeding stuff can be ingested everyday, after adopting a series of rearing and management measures, for example: feeding the new born calves with colostrums in time, training the calves foraging concentrated feed and high-quality roughage, raising the calves by separate groups, etc. The total feed intake in the lactation was 250 kg, saving 150 kg compared with traditional feed way(400 kg), and the average daily gain increased from 700 g/d to 910 g/d. Owing to the elevation of the growth rate, the weight (380 kg), height (130 cm) and body length (142 cm.) of the growing cattle can achieve the requirements to mate, ahead of 45 days than traditional one (15 month). The primary cycle conception rate of early mating growing cattle was 66.8%, and total conception rate was 97.2%. Average milk yield of the 348 primiparous cows that completed the first lactating period (305 d) was 7 328 kg in the farm adopting the new model, which increased about 576 kg compared with the traditional ones (6 752 kg) .Excepting the achievements above, in the two years of the research, 360 720 RMB was saved in reducing milk consuming, owing to the adopting of early weaning technique. 360 720 RMB was conserved due to the mating age in advance, meanwhile, which also resulted in the cost of group transfer declined from 7523 to 6498, about 1176 cattle were transferred and so 1 200 540 RMB was saved. In addition, 715.74 RMB of economic returns was gained after specialized raising for reserve cows because of productivity increasing, disease decreasing, feed saving and so on. The project has been produced 2689.2 thousand RMB of economic effect in the study period.In this study, we established the specialized raising model of reserved heifers, which can make weaning and mating earlier, decreasing the cost of feeding and management, increasing the quality of the whole cattle and the technique level of production management, and raising the returns of the specialized raising farm of reserved heifers.