Creating Germ Plasm From The Resistant Wheat Scab And Analysising On The Physiological Characteristics

Fusarium head blight is wheat disease which widespread in the wet and semi-wet areas and is the second serous wheat-disease and the main constraint to wheat production in China. In recent years, Fusarium head blight enlarged from the traditional wheat planting areas in North of China to the wheat planting areas of the South of China and middle and down part of ChangJiang River for the warming weather, abundance of rainfall in spring and the extension of the wheat-rice or maize- wheat rotation tillage system. For the South of China and coast of ChangJiang rive are the main wheat production areas in China, and the Weat scab resistance cultivar breeding did not include in wheat breeding system and most wheat cultivars were sensitive to it, so the loss would be serious for wheat production once the Weat scab prevailed in China, which fueled the urgency of wheat breeding resistance to this disease for these areas. There were abundant accessions resistant to this disease and other negative condition in wheat idioplasm, and screening for it is the key-point for the success of wheat breeding against fusarium head blight.In this subject, 32 wheat accessions, kindly provided by HeZhongHu of Crop science of CAAS, were studied on the characteristics of resistance to fusarium head blight and agricultural traits by successive two years field inoculation experiments. The results showed that all the accession could be infected by the fusarium graminearum strains and differed significantly on the inhibition to spread of it. Among the accession, 6 cultivars showed high ability to inhibit of the fusarium spreading and 12 cultivars showed middle ability and 9 had not inhibiting ability, which took up 18.75%, 37.5%, 28.1% repectively. The disease developed slowly after infection on the resistant cultivars and two resistant varieties, No 16 and No 17 showed stable inhibiting-ability to the speading of the fusarium strain which were close to SuMai No.3. Based on the analysis of the successive two years field experiment on the disease extension, it showed inhibiting ability differed significantly among the varietied but not in different years.The influence of the crude toxin of the fusarium graminearum strains on the seed-germinating of these 32 varieties was studied. The results showed that the varieties differed significantly on the seed germination on the condition of toxin, but not on the number of the root. And there was significant pertinence between the resistance to the disease extension and resistance index of the cultivars on condition of the toxin.The physiological characteristics of the No.16,No.17 with high resistance index to the toxin were studied and the results showed that the over oxidation magnitude of membrane-ester in the No.16 and No.17 were lower than that of wheat variety HuaYu 888, and close to that of SuMai No.3 and showed less harm by the toxin. The activity of the PAL enzyme of that was the same to that of the SuMai No.3 and superior to HuaYu 888.