Study On The Inherence Of Main Quantitative Traits Of Popcorn

A total of nine varieties and lines of popcorn with great diversity was used selectively as parents to make complete diallel crossing in accordance with the Griffing methodâ… in order to made 81 combinations and study the inherence of yield, expansion volume and main quantitative traits of popcorn in this paper. Quantitative analysis of fifteen main quantitative traits of popcorn was studied as follows: heterosis analysis, analysis of the general combining ability and the specific combining ability, regression and correlation of analysis between different type of combining ability and expression of F₁ hybrid, heritability analysis of main quantitative traits. According to analysis, Conclusions are evaluated as follow:(1)Heterosis: The heterosis of F₁ hybrid is ubiquitous in popcorn. Most of traits indicated: there are higher positive herterosis than negative parts in heterosis. The analysis of dominance classes and heterosis index show that: there are more positive heterosis combination than negative ones and more positive exceed parents heterosis than negative ones in fifteen main quantitative traits(except rare ear length). All traits either positive or negative show that there are higher rate of partial dominance than complete dominance's rate. The expression of positive heterosis are better than negative's.The order of average value of heterosis index is: Grain yield＞Grain number per row＞Ear length＞Flower volume＞100-grain weight＞Ear height＞Plant height＞Ear width＞Popping rate＞Stem diameter＞Expansion volume＞Ear row number＞Seed rate＞Starch content＞Rare ear length. So in these fifteen traits, expansion volume,flower volume,Grain yield,starch content,popping rate and Grain number per row have more wild margin to choose and the margin of other traits is narrow.(2) General combining ability,specific combining ability and effect of reciprocal cross: The General and specific combining abilities of plant height,ear height,ear length,ear row number,grain number per row,starch content,seed rate,grain yield,Flower volume,popping rate and Expansion volume are very significance level or significance level.The different traits of same parent and different parents of same trait have big diversities. The high yield and quality breeding need high general combining ability in two parents or one of parents. But it is possible that the hybrid has high specific combining ability while its parents' general combining ability is low.Only plant height,ear height,seed rate and 100-grain weight in the effect of reciprocal cross of grain yield and most quantitative traits are significance level. It indicated that there was effect of reciprocal cross in the societies and cytoplasmic inheritance existed. (3) Y01 is a good parent for high yield breeding, Y02,Y04,Y09 can as parents for quality breeding.1×5,1×8,6×7,1×9,2×7,4×9 are good combinations for high yield breeding; 3×5,3×4,7×8,1×2,4×6,5×6 are good combinations for quality breeding.(4) Analysis of regression showed that the correlation extent between F₁ hybrid and female parents is higher than male parents. So while select parents, we must notice that female parents' target traits are not too low. The total combining ability's trend is similar to the expression of F₁ hybrid. So the expression of F₁ hybrid can be predicted from total effect of combining ability.(5) Broad sense heritability from strong to weak is: Expansion volume＞Ear height＞Plant height＞Popping rate＞Flower volume＞100-grain weight＞Seed rate＞Ear width＞Ear row number＞Grain number per row＞Grain yield＞Ear length＞Rare ear length＞Starch content＞Stem diameter. Narrow sense heritability from strong to weak is: Expansion volume＞Ear height＞100-grain weight＞Ear width＞Seed rate＞Flower volume＞Ear row number＞Popping rate＞Plant height＞Ear length＞Grain yield＞Grain number per row＞Rare ear length＞Stem diameter＞Starch content. It can be selected in early era if broad sense and narrow sense beritability are both high, but if not, it is easy to influence with environment, so it's better to select in late era.(6) Analysis of correlation and path between grain yield and other main quantitative traits: Correlation coefficient from strong to weak is: Grain number per row＞Ear length＞Ear width＞100-grain weight＞Plant height＞Stem diameter＞Seed rate＞Ear row number＞Ear height＞Rare ear length＞Starch content. Except Rare ear length and starch content, other main quantitative traits have positive correlation to grain yield. Grain number per row,Ear length,Ear width,100-grain weight,Plant height,Stem diameter and Seed rate are very significance level. So in order to obtain high yield variety of popcorn, it must priority select Grain number per row,Ear length,Ear width and 100-grain weight which are influence grain yield greatest while selective scale can be broaden, such as rare ear length and starch content.The direct path coefficient from strong to weak is: Grain number per row＞100-grain weight＞Ear row number＞Ear width＞Plant height＞Stem diameter＞Ear length＞Rare ear length＞Seed rate.(7) Analysis of correlation and path between expansion volume and other main quantitative traits: Correlation coefficient from strong to weak is: Flower volume＞Popping rate＞Starch content＞Grain number per row＞Ear height＞Ear length＞Stem diameter＞Grain yield＞Plant height＞Ear row number＞Seed rate＞Rare ear length＞100-grain weight＞Ear width. Popping volume and Popping rate are very significance positive correlation and Ear width,100-grain weight,Rare ear length and Seed rate are very significance negative correlation while Plant height and Ear row number are significance negative correlation. Grain yield's correlation coefficient is also very low. Enhance 100-grain weight can increase flower volume, but it can also decrease popping quality. Expansion volume and grain yield is negative correlation while correlation coefficient is great. Thus we must correspond popping quality with grain yield.The direct path coefficient from strong to weak is: Flower volume＞Grain number per row＞Ear row number＞Popping rate＞Ear height＞Ear length＞Ear width＞Stem diameter＞Starch content＞Plant height＞Rare ear length＞Seed rate＞Grain yield＞100-grain weight. Enhance popping quality must select the parents whose flower volume,Grain number per row,Ear row number and Popping rate express well.(8) Popping rate is significance level between seed color while expansion volume is very significance level. The popping quality of yellow seed color is better than red color's.