| The populations of Tuxpenol which were planted and selected for many years in Pingshan Sichuan and Nanning Guangxi were introduced to Ya'an Sichuan by Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University in 2005, and which were named Guang Mo(GM) and Chuan Mo(CM) according to their source. This experiment were carried out at Ya'an Sichuan and Yuanjiang Yunnan during the year of 2005 and 2006. The experiment materials were 179 basal plants which were selected randomly from CM and GM. Investigation of field traits, quality mensuration using near infrared ray and SSR analysis were adopted in this experiment to study the phenotype traits, degree of inbreeding depression, appearance of hybrids, kernel ingredient and genetic diversity in populations. The main results were summarized as follows:1. The study evaluated the major phenotypic traits of two populations under the ecological conditions of ya'an sichuan. Results showed that the Tuxpenol populations which were planted in two entironments display the delaying of days to shed and days to silk, discoordinating for the development of male and female, high plant and ear height, high barreness. By using selection and improvement the two populations can be used to broaden the genetic base of temperate maize breeding, because of the greater genetic variation and higher selection potential within each population. Results showed that two populations have large difference among ASI, time to silk, time to shed, stem diameter, weight of hundred kernels, kernel number per row, kernel row, rate of barreness. However, there are small difference among ear height, tassel branch number, length of bare-ear, ear diameter, yield per plant.2. The study evaluated appearance of selfs in ya'an, sichuan. Results showed there are large difference among plant height, ear height, stem diameter, tassel branch number, time to silk, time to shed, ASI, ear length, length of bare-ear, weight of hundred kernels, kernel row and kernel number per row. And most traits showed the depression of inbreeding, displaying the delaying of days to shed and days to silk, plant and ear height become lower, economic trait become inferior, yield degrade, but GM is more severe than CM.3. The study evaluated the appearance of hybrids in ya'an Sichuan and yuanjiang Yunnan. Results showed that the adaptability of hybrids have been largely improved comparing with its parent material, but the hybrids of two populations has large difference among plant height, ear height, time to silk, time to shed, ASI, ear length, weight of hundred kernels, kernel row, kernel number per row and yield per plant. Meanwhile, the different performances of the sensitivity to different ecological conditions were observed among different traits. The plant height, ear height, ear length, length of bare-ear, ASI, time to silk, time to shed, weight of hundred kernels, kernel number per row, yield per plant have larger sensitivity; however, kernel row have smaller sensitivity.4. The study evaluated ascendancy of yield in hybrids comparing with chuandan 15and chuandan13. Results showed that most of hybrids have higher yield than chuandan 13, and in Yuanjiang Yunnan and Ya'an Sichuan, there are 15 and 10 hybrids which have 10% ascendancy of yield than chuandan15. This means GM and CM have large yield potentiality. But it is necessary to strengthen the genetic improvement of plant height and ear height.5. Crude fat, protein and crude starch of kernal were determined using near infrared ray analysator to hybrids and selfs of GM and CM. Results showed that those traits have significant deviation between GM and CM. This means the kernel ingredient of maize have large sensitivity to cultivation and choice condition.6. This experiment screened 31 pair primers with good extending effect and good diversity from 72 pair primers. The number of polymorphic loci, genie heterosity and genetic distances were calculated by polymorphism alleles of 31 pair primers. The number of polymorphic loci is 272(GM), 255(CM).The average polymorphic loci number of each primer is 8.77(GM), 8.23(CM). The genic heterosity of GM changes from 0.6720～0.9208,the average is 0.8472, and CM changes from 0.7424～0.9262, the average is 0.8454.The genetic distances of GM changes from 0.056～2.8589, the average is 1.1288; and CM changes from 0.0067～2.5858,the average is 0.4699.The hereditary basis of GM and CM is abundant according to the number of polymorphic loci, genic heterosity and genetic distances, but GM has larger genetic diversity than CM.
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