| In this article we disposed 16 kind of varieties of major huanghuai and studied on their vernalization character by field experiment and hothouse experiment.At the same time, we sowed 3 varieties with different sowing time ,observing the proceeding of young spike development and researching population dynamics and photosynthetic function.The main results were as followings.1.The effects of different ecotype varieties have diversity of types facing to facing different vernalization duration, seedling-heading period of different genotypes and the period emergence stage to appearance of double ridge of different tyes decurtated after vernalization treatment. Vernalization had little effect on the springness varieties and these cultivars were not too sensitive to vernalization. Semiwinterness varieties were sensitive to vernalization and the periods of seedling-heading and emergence stage to appearance of double ridge was shorter as the the time of vernalization was longer. Winterness varieties were the most sensitive to vernalization. The time of emergence stage to appearance of double ridge was shortened about 43 days after 30 days` vernalization.2.The varieties of different vernalization character have different number of main stem leaves,the range of springness breed is 8 to 10, the range of semiwinterness variety is 10 to 13, winterness variety is 15.The number of main stem leaf was more when the degree of winterness was more.,The ability of defoliation action to main stem was more.The vernalization character of winter wheat was close to tiller.A majority of springness variety had no tiller no matter what the time of vernalization and vernalizating or not . The vernalization was secured with the tillers as the vernalization character was stronger.The time of tillering was shorter when the time of vernalization was shorter till beginning the reproductive growth , having no tiller after that.Winterness variety stayed for a time in the period of vegetable growth after sprouting because of being short of vernalization and it had the most tillers.3.The influence of vernalization to height and spike length is affinis.The treatment with enough vernalization before sowing can begin reproductive growth quickly and the height cut down obviously.The tendency changed as the different genes variety,the height of the winterness variety requesting long vernalization time had little change .The development of springness variety was faster and the time of spike spliting was shorter as the time of springness variety was longer.The development of semiwinterness variety and winterness breed was faster and then slower as the time of springness breed was longer. The spikelet number was effected by the period of vernalization .The more vernalization ,the more few spikelet number,to the winterness breed. The spikelet number had some different during the breeds.The more spikelet number,the more ability of winterness. 4.The young ear spliting proceeding of different breed and different sowing date were different obviously.The time of beginning spliting single ridge was almost the same during varieties but it was later as the winterness of variety was stronger when it beginned double ridge.It had no difference at the end of the period.The difference of different sowing date was as following.The periods of beginning the young ear split was later as sowing date was later;The days` difference of different sowing date from sowing to beginning young ear split was very big and it was not very big at the end of the period.The freeze injury of aizhao8 was very serious above all the treatment (80%)which was sowed on 12 October and it was one fourth of main stem spikes died after winter.Zhoumai18 and Jing 841 were better.5.The growing stage ,the tiller development and leaf area index in different period were all effected differently by different sowing date.Two varieties'growth stages were later as the sowing dates were later.The difference of two varieties were clear in the early days and unconspicuous in the later stage. Aizhao8'period of achieving the biggest number of tiller was earlier than zhoumai18 and the number was much higher than Zhoumai18. The mature spike number of Aizhao8 was much smaller than Zhoumai18 and the number of invalid tillers was small.The difference of leaf area index of different treatment was obvious.The tendency was drop out after stepping up and achieved zenith with one accord.6.The tendency of CAP of two breeds was affinis in growth stage,which had one peak.the CAP accreted gradually after boot stage . The CAP of Aizhao8 achieved the peak on 20 April and then fell off gradually. The CAP of Zhoumai18 achieved the peak on 3 May and then fell off gradually.the CAP of Zhoumai18'B2 treatment and Aizhao8'B1 treatment accreted rapidly after 10 April.The Zhoumai18'CAP was higher than Aizhao8 until dough stage.The plant population structure, canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP ) rate,PSâ…¡potential activity (Fv/Fo),the maximal quantum efficiency of PSâ…¡photochemistry (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qN)of flag leaves and grain characters were higher in treatment of large spike type cultivar (Zhoumai 18) in sowing date of first ten days and middle ten days of October than other treatments,having the highest yield at last.The As for small spike type cu ltivar(Lankao Aizao 8),the better density was sowing date of middle ten days of October ,having higher yield . |
