Changes Of Endogenous Hormones In Grapevine During Its Development

In this text, the change of hormones contents during the growth period of grape bud, young shoot, lamina, and berry was studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Samples of two cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir) were collected at Yangling, Shaanxi, between the years of 2005 to 2006. This study will help us to understand the relationship between fruit development and hormones, and provides reference for fruit developing control. The results showed as below:1. The determination of HPLC conditionsThree hormones, IAA, GA3 and ABA, in grape bud, young shoot, lamina, and berry including were determined simultaneously by HPLC, and the HPLC conditions of hormones analysis was as follows: column: Hibar RT Lichrospher, 250mm×4.0mm, 5um; mobile phase: methanol: water: acetic acid (45:54.2:0.8); flow rate: 1.0ml min-1; detector: UV 254 nm; column temperature: 35℃.2. The change of hormones contents and the ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA in the buds of Pinot Noir and Cabernet SauvignonThe varying tendencies of IAA, GA3 and ABA in the buds were similar between Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir. The contents of GA3 and IAA decreased firstly and then increased from dormancy to germination, and the content of ABA decreased gradually. The contents of all those three hormones were high during the beginning of the dormancy stage, and then decreased, and reached their minimum value when the buds is at the deepest dormancy. After that, the contents of IAA and GA3 increased and reached their peaks when the buds germinate. The content of ABA decreased all the time and reached the minimum value when the buds germinate. The ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA decreased firstly, and then increased in both cultivars.3. The change of hormones contents and the ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA in the young shoots of Pinot Noir and Cabernet SauvignonThe varying regularities of GA3, IAA and ABA in the young shoots of the two wine grape cultivars (Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon) during their growth period were similar. The contents of GA3 and IAA increased firstly and then decreased in the growth period. The changing tendency of ABA decreased firstly and then increased. The contents of IAA and GA3 are all at a low level and ABA at a high level during the beginning of the young shoots growth period, and then the level of IAA and GA3 increased and the level of ABA decreased. The contents of GA3 and IAA reached their peaks during the two rapid growth periods of the young shoots. The content of ABA reached the minimum value before the first rapid growth period, then accelerated, and maintained a high level after this rapid growth period finished. The ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA increased firstly and then decreased in both cultivars. It was low during the beginning of the growth period, then increased, and got its peak during both rapid growth period of the young shoots, and became stability at last.4. The change of hormones contents and the ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA in the lamina of Pinot Noir and Cabernet SauvignonThe varying tendencies of IAA, GA3 and ABA in the lamina were similar between Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir. During the beginning of the lamina growth period, the contents of IAA and GA3 were low, then increased gradually and got their peaks during the lamina growth period, and keep in a low level, during the slow growth period. The content of ABA was high during the beginning of the growth period, then decreased and reached its minimum value when the lamina growth arrived at its peak). The ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA was increased firstly and get its peak during the lamina rapid growth period, and then became stable and show a small peak during this period.5. Changing of hormones contents and the ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA in the grape berry of Pinot Noir and Cabernet SauvignonThe varying tendencies of GA3, IAA and ABA were similar between Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon during their fruit developments. The contents of these three hormones all firstly decreased and then increased and decreased again at last. After fruit setting, the contents of GA3, IAA and ABA were all at a high level and then decreased as the berry growing. In veraison, the contents of GA3, IAA and ABA accelerated during the second rapid growth period of the fruit. After this period, the contents of GA3 and IAA decreased again as the fruit ripening, and the content of ABA maintained a high level until the fruit was picked.The ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA in Pinot Noir were similar between Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon during fruit growing. They all increased firstly and then decreased. After fruit setting, the ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA are high, then it increased gradually, and reached their peaks during the first rapid growth period of the grape berry, then decreased and reached their minimums when the fruit grow slowly. The ratios in those two cultivars increased again and reached their peaks during the second rapid growth period of the grape berry. After this they decreased rapidly and became stability at last.In addition, the turning points of the contents of those three hormones of Pinot Noir were earlier than that of Cabernet Sauvignon. This may caused by phenological phase. As Pinot Noir is a medium maturing variety and Cabernet Sauvignon is a late maturing variety, the flowering, fruit setting et al of Pinot Noir are earlier than that of Cabernet Sauvignon.