Dynamic Of Chemical Composition Of Manure During Decaying Process With Application Of Hametz

In recent years, production of livestock and poultry has developed greatly. At the same time, the yield of waste from livestock and poultry has also increased. Unrational disposition of manure will result in air or water or soil pollution. Composting is a valuable method to deal with manure. However, traditional method of composting consumed long time. So it is not suit for large quantity of manure decomposition. The application of hametz speeding up the process of decomposing and maturing is a new method for manure composting. In this study, microorganisms with high enzyme activity for cellulose decomposing in ferment substrate were separated and two strains were selection, they are symbolized as Z5 and Z8, respectively, which are characterized by strain shape and enzyme activity. Solid hametz was produced by Z5 and Z8 and it was applied to manure compost. The change of microorganism variety and population, temperature and water content were studied, as well as nutrient content and transform. The main results were concluded as following:1. From cow manure ferment substrate, 10 of 22 strains with high enzyme activity were selected based to strains diameter and CMC enzyme activity. With further investigation of these strains, Z5 and Z8 were selected as the better strains. Preliminary identification indicated that Z5 and Z8 belonged to Aspergillus. Formula of substrate medium was optimized in order to increase enzyme activity of the two strains. Cottonseed waste was revealed to be the best nitrogen resource for the development of Z5 and Z8 compared to soybean and urea. Solid hametz contained Z5 and Z8 was produced.2. Adding commercial hametz to manure compost (treatment 4) can increase the population of bacteria. While, adding lab-made hametz(treatment 5) can significantly increase the population of epiphyte. The number of actinomycetes increased greatly either with commercial hametz or lab-made hametz.3.Adding hametzs (treatment 4 and treatment 5) improved temperature of manure compost. The highest temperature during composting was higher in the treatment 4 than that in the treatment 5, But the time reaching to the highest temperature was later than that of treatment 5. Water content of compost kept a high level in the treatment 4, while, in the treatment 5, the water content was lower. During decomposition, pH of composted materials changed between 7.2 and 7.8. Among all the treatments, the pH value was higher in the treatment 5.4.During manure composting, the total nitrogen content of composted materials increased. Ammonia volatilization was high in the high temperature period of compost decomposing. Treatment 4(with commercial hametz) could increase the amount of ammonia volatilization evidently. While treatment 5 (with lab-made hametz ) caused the amount of ammonia volatilization in low level. During composting, ammonium content of composted materials decreased. Among all treatments, treatment 5 maintained ammonium content at a medium level. The content of nitrate nitrogen changed floatingly with composting, which was relatively high in treatment 5 at day 21 of decomposing. The ratio of ammonium to nitrate increased in early period (the former 7 days ) of decomposing and was greater than 1. Subsequently, it slowly decreased and was less than 1 at day 21. Among all treatments, treatment 5 made the ratio of ammonium to nitrate lower.5. During manure composting, total P content of composted materials increased, inorganic phosphorus content changed floatingly and organic P increased. The ratio of inorganic P to total P showed a decrease trend, while the ratio of organic P to total P increased. Adding hametzs made the total P content higher than that of treatments with no hametzs, and improved the ratio of organic P to inorganic P. This indicated that hametzs accelerated inorganic P to transform into organic P. Lab-made Hametzs was more suitable for inorganic P converting into organic P compared to commercial hametz.6. During manure composting, the total potassium content of composted materials increase, adding lab-made hametz resulted in total potassium content higher than that of other treatments.