Study On Morphological And Anatomical Structure Of Tilia Amurensis In Different Geographical Distribution Region

Tilia amurensis is a kind of lofty defoliate arbor which belongs to Tilia of Tiliaceae, its use is extensive and its economic value is high, it belongs to the second rank preserve. Because the quantity and quality of Tilia amurensis population is decreasing and declining year by year, the research on it is increasing in these years. The research was on breeding and forestation, ecology, wood science and so on, but the research on morphological and anatomical structure is blank so far.This paper sampled 3 vegetation areas includes 9 sites which set up 6 latitude (8 sampling plots) and 6 altitude, annual branch length, bud length, bud width, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, bract length, bract width, concrescence length of petiole and bract, pedicel length, inflorescence length, flower number, fruit length, fruit width seed length and seed width 16 kinds of macroscopic indexes, epidermis thickness, cortex thickness, width of xylem and phloem, vessel perimeter, ratio between latewood and springwood, periderm thickness of biennial branch, xylem ray length and width ,up-epidermis and down-epidermis thickness and ratio between palisade tissue and spongy parenchyma ect. 18 kinds of macroscopic indexes were analyzed comparatively. Its main research concluded the following contents: the morphological and anatomical structure of Tilia amurensis exists differences as the hoist of latitude and elevation; how the change rule is; whether there is relativity between latitude and elevation or not; the clustering situation between different populations.The results indicated: there was remarkable difference of most morphological characteristics of each organ of Tilia amurensis as the hoist of latitude and elevation at the monolithic angle and at the macroscopic characteristics. The morphological characteristics and elevation presented remarkable relativity between each organ of Tilia amurensis except that floriferous number was irrelevant with elevation. The branch length, leaf length, fruit length, seed length and seed width was remarkably positive interrelated with elevation, the other morphological characteristics were negative interrelated with elevation; leaf width, floriferous number was irrelevant with elevation. The other indexes were interrelated with elevation. Leaf length, fruit length, fruit width, seed length and seed width was positive interrelated with elevation, the other indexes were negative interrelated with elevation. The morphological characteristics of branch and leaf, bract and inflorescence of Tilia amurensis population wasn't clustering according to latitude and elevation distance, so the changes of morphological characteristics was incontinuous in latitude grads and elevation grads; the morphological characteristics of fruit and seed was clustering according to latitude distance and elevation distance completely and was continuous in the latitude distance and elevation distance. There was remarkable difference of most anatomical structure of branch and leaf of Tilia amurensis as the hoist of latitude and elevation at the monolithic angle and at the microscopic anatomical structure, epidermis thickness , cortex thickness, ratio between palisade and sponge of leaf of the biennial branch was irrelevant with latitude, epidermis thickness of annual branch, vessel circumstance of biennial branch possessed positive relativity with elevation, the other anatomical structure related remarkably with elevation, of which the xylem ray width presented relativity closely, the other anatomical structure related negatively with latitude prominently; the ratio between latewood and springwood of annual branch and biennial branch epidermis was irrelevant with elevation. The ratio between palisade and sponge related positively with elevation, the epidermis thickness of annual branch presented remarkable relativity with elevation, the vessel circumstance of annual branch, the ratio between latewood and springwood of biennial branch and xylem width was irrelevant with elevation, the other anatomical structure presented prominent relativity with elevation. The anatomical structure of branch and leaf of Tilia amurensis was clustering according to latitude distance, and was continuous in latitude grads; but wasn't clustering according to elevation distance, so was incontinuous in elevation grads.In addition, the growing situation of Tilia amurensis was better in center distribution zone than marginal zone from latitude. The best elevation for Tilia amurensis growing was 700～900m.This paper not only elaborated the influence of the anatomical structure in changes of ecology environment, but also the adaptation to environment. There was an important significance in choice of the built fine tree species and improved type directional selection breeding at the same time; and provided references for classification and inheritance relativity analysis; and for protection of natural Tilia amurensis forest, operation and management, population recover, and offere theory guidance for breeding, management and protection strategy of the planted forest.