| Environment factors could strongly affect the yield and quality of crop. And the temperature and illumination condition are very important environment factors for crop products. Therefore, it is very important to understand the effect of the temperature and illumination condition on yield and quality of spring wheat. Changing sowing date is a way to regulate the temperature and illumination condition.In this study, in order to reveal the effects of the temperature and illumination condition on yield and quality of spring wheat, 10 spring wheat varieties(lines) which had been planted in Hexi Irrigation area were selected and planted in the same ecotypically(Wuwei irrigation area)in four sowing date, The first sowing date was on 23rd March, second 30st March,third 6th April and forth 13th April.The yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), the protein content, wet gluten content, gluten index, sedimentation value, tenacity, extensibility and strength were tested. The effects of sowing date on yield and quality and the correlation between climate and yield or quality of spring wheat were analyzed by SPSS12.0. With the results indicating as follows:1. The suitable early sowing date can improve the yield and quality of spring wheat. The yield and quality of 10 spring wheat varieties planted in the first sowing date is significantly higher than those in the other three times, the average yield per Mu inâ… sowing date being higher thanâ…¡,â…¢andâ…£sowing date, by 27.8%, 42.75% and 45.51%, respectively; and the TKW been higher than that in the other three sowing date by2.38%, 6.0% and 12.79%, accordingly.2. The sowing date have variant effect among the different quality characters of spring wheat. The protein content and sedimentation value is the highest inâ…¡sowing date, the protein content inâ…¡is significant(P<0.05)higher thanâ… and sedimentation value inâ…¡is significant(P<0.05)higher thanâ…¢andâ…£sowing date, But the wet gluten content, gluten index,tenacity,extensibility and strength have no significant difference among sowing date.3. The effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of spring wheat vary among different varieties. The synthesis and analysis of the coefficient of variation showed that among 10 spring wheat varieties, Gaoyuan 602 and Yongliang 15 and Ganchun 18 were affected less by sowing date while Longchun23 and 05-8104 and 05-8107 were affected more. The quality stability of Wuchun 2 hao was affected less by sowing date. 4. The suitably early sowing date can result in the simultaneous improvement of both yield and quality. The yield in the first sowing date can positively correlated with protein content , sedimentation value , gluten index , tenacity and strength ;although the yield was negatively correlated with most of the quality characters. The TKW was positively correlated with protein content , sedimentation value , wet gluten and strength, with significant level only in the first sowing- date.5. The temperature during filling period is one of major factors which affected the yield and quality of spring wheat. The daily mean temperature and the diurnal maximum temperature during filling period showed a negative correlation with most characters, such as the yield , TKW , protein content ,sedimentation value ,wet gluten , extensibility and strength in Hexi spring wheat area ,which mainly was due to higher temperature or continuous days of high temperature during filling period. So the varieties which are suitable for early sowing-date or heat-resistant and premature should be selected so as to avoid the high temperature and xerothermic wind in anaphase of filling period.6. The study showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the total sunshine hours and the yield, TKW and that there was also, to some extend a positive correlation between the total sunshine hours and the quality characters on a certain extent, too. Abundance sunshine is propitious to improving yield and quality of spring wheat in Wuwei area. |
