Evlovement Of Agronomic Traits And Genetic Diversity Of Chinese Foundation Parents(Cultivars) Of Wheat

In the study, the foundation parents, which were cultivated in different environments and different periods, were studied on its origin, agronomic traits and genetic diversity, which will provide an important theoritical direction on their evaluation and application.The researched wheat backbone parents important character evolution tendency, finally will realize the wheat backbone parents direction to formulate with the effective used. Thus formulates the wheat backbone parent with the new variety cultivation rises the theory from the experience, from rises stochastically the direction detection, promotes our country wheat breeding efficiency and the level comprehensively. To used 24 wheat variety heredity difference has carried on the analysis including the backbone parent, was for the purpose of clarifying the wheat backbone parent and the descendant from the molecular level inherits the difference the level and the blood relationship relations. Provides the support take the time as the breeding better grasping backbone parent heredity relations and the characteristic, provides the effective material foundation and the theory basis for the wheat heredity research and the breeding practice.The 12 foundation parents, and 55 wheat cultivars with annually planted area over 667000 hm2, which come from different environments and different periods, were studied on the envolution tendency of their agronomic traits. Results showed that the potential yield and the yield components of those materials changed accompanied with the rapid replacement of cultivars. At the same time, the envolution tendency of the foundation parents were also concluded as plant height decreased greatly, 1000-grain weight increased very much, while the length of spike, spikelet number and kernel number rarely changed. In addition, the envolution tendency of the foundation cultivars were also concluded as later cultivars have more kernel number and higher 1000-grain weight, and their plant height decreased greatly. Results showed that there were very significant differences among studied cultivars on agronomic traits, such as valid tillering, spikelet number, kernel number and 1000-grain weight, and so on, it is the same to the different cutivars.Two kinds of molecular markers, genomic-SSR and EST-SSR, were used to study the genetic diversity of 24 accessions of common wheat from different planted regions, and the results showed that the 37 SSR peimers amplified 163 alleles in total, and the average number of alleles per genomic-SSR is 4.41, while the 67 EST-SSR primers amplified 156 alleles in total, and the average number of alleles per EST-SSR is 2.32. Furthermore, the genetic distance (GD) of the 24 accessions were calculated based on the Genomic-SSR and EST-SSR data, as a result, the mean GD value of EST-SSR is 0.2462, which is lower than that of genomic-SSR of 0.5041. Although EST-SSR has lower polymorphism than SSR, it can generate a more accurate genetic distance and the relationship between different genotypes of wheat.