Effects Of Nitrogen And Irrigation Rate On Nitrogen And Carbon Metabolism And Yield In Winter Wheat

Research was initiated from September 2004 to Octomber 2006, at the Experiment station of Shandong Agriculture University. Two cultivars were selected to study, viz. Jimai20 with strong gluten and Taishan23 with medium gluten. The effects of nitrogen rate and irrigation amount on yield were studied in field and concrete pools. The main results were as follow.1 The effects of nitrogen rate and irrigation amount on soil moisture and soil NO3-N content1.1 The effects of nitrogen rate and irrigation amount on soil moisture content was effect by irrigation amount and rainfallThe 0-40 cm soil moisture content is subjected to the irrigation amount and rainfall of influence, change bigger, is opposite active of layer; no irrigation (W0), at each grow to expect the 0-40 cm soil moisture content to show low in each irrigation treatments; With irrigation amount increased, each grow to expect to manage the soil everywhere to increase immediately. At the field-cultured experiment, different nitrogen rate doesn't show different; Same nitrogen rate and different irrigation treatments, the irrigation treatment W3and W2 soil moisture content increased; In the trough-culture, the different irrigation treatments comparison: treatment W6,W5,W4 shows higher in treatment W1,W2,W3.The 40-120 cm soil layer is the winter wheat main water supply layer; no irrigation treatment W0 were lower treatments in each soil layers, with irrigation amount increased, each treatments the soil moisture content increment, there were significient effect among the different treatments. The 120-200 cm soil layer is the time of the winter wheat to supply water a layer; soil moisture content of each irrigation treatment shows significient effect on no irrigation;Under the sistuation that the field-cultured experiment, there were significient effect among the different treatments, the trough- culture, there were significient higher effect among the treatments W6,W5,W4and treatments W1,W2,W3。1.2 The effects of nitrogen rate and irrigation amount on soil NO3-N contentAt matury,when the nitrogen rate increased from 210kg/hm2 to 300 kg/hm2, soil NO3-N content in 80-140cm layers were increased significantly in all irrigation treatment. The treatment without water have the lest soil NO3-N to move to deep layers,and accumulating from 0-60cm layers. At matury,soil NO3-N content in 0-80cm decreased with increasing irrigation amount,but in 100-200cm layers increased。In the field,the accumulating wave was amerg in 120-140cm soil layers,but in 140-160cm in the trough-cultured. When the irrigation amount was 90mm.2 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and irrigation amount on metabolism of carbon2.1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and irrigation amount on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristicsIncreasing nitrogen fertilizer rate from 210kg/hm2 to 300kg/hm2 improved content of chlorophyll ; compared with different irrigation amount,content of chlorophyll have no significant difffernce at beginning of filling stage,but from 21d to 28d after flowering,treatment W3(field-cultured)and W6(trough-cultured)were higher than other treatments,indicating high water amount could increased content of chlorophyll at later filling stage. At beginning of filling stage, photosynthetic rate and transform efficiency and potential activity of light-energy in chlorophy PSII system have no significant difffernce in flag leaf,but arrive at 28d after flowering,treatments have significant difference,indicating increasing water amounts could increase photosynthetic rate and transform efficiency and potential activity of light-energy in chlorophy PSII system. 2.2 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and irrigation amount on soluble sugar content and sugar contentSoluble sugar content and Sugar content amerg two waves change tread from flowering to mature,and 7d and 28d after flowering arrived at max value. From 0-7d after flowering,soluble sugar content content of treatment without water higher significantly than other treatment,indicating that aird could increase soluble sugar content in leaf. From 14 to 35d,soluble sugar content of treatments with water higher significantly than no water treatment,treatment W1(tield-cultured)and W2,W3(trough-cultured)were higher than other treatment.3 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and irrigation amount on metabolism of nitrogen and carbonRatio of translocation nitrogen amount to total nitrogen amount in grain was different with different water amount,W0 treatment was smallest,indicating that water stress led to decrease the whole growth stage,and lose more nitrogen and decreased nitrogen content , water stress decreased photosynthetic dry-matters,and led to less nitrogen to be uptake. At the same time,treatment W3(field-cultured)and W5,W6(trough-cultured)with excess water amount delayed the whole growth stage,and decreased the treaslocation amount and efficiency of nitrogen to grain.4 The effects of different irrigation amount and nitrogen rate to the yield of the winter wheat and water utility efficiency Under the field-cultured, when the nitrogen amount from 210 kg/hm2 increase to the 300 kg/hm2, the spike number, grain weight, grain number per spike and yield increased. At the same time, Infuses a water to infuse the syrup velocity existence to the wheat to regulate a function obviously in the meantime, infuse syrup velocity with the irrigation quantity of the increment descends after going up. Total growth stage were no irrigated, although have a heavy the high spike grain, lowered an acre spike number, make the yield lower thus, in the meantime, for each irrigation treatments, with irrigation amount the increment, thousand grains of heavy lower with the spike number, lower the seed grain a yield; And the yield measure with the irrigation of go up but lower.Under the sistuation that Field-cultured experiment, with the increment of irrigation amount, the water utilization lowers gradually; In Trough-culture under on trial condition, with infuse the increment of irrigation amount, the water utilization lowers after present go up first of trend, there were significient effect; The irrigation amount for the 0 mm, the water utilization is 23.77%, the irrigation amount to reach to 24.20% and 24.48% for the water utilization of the 60 mm and the 90 mm, the irrigation amount for the water utilization with 180 mm and declines to 18.54%. Therefore, under the sistuation that the origin experiment, irrigation's measuring for the 60 mm and the 90 mm is to irrigation amount of water reasonablely.