| In allusion to the problems of drip irrigation and fertilized quantities in north area of Xinjiang, three different amount of drip irrigation were conducted 3 000 m3·ha-1(treatment A, TA), 3 750 m3·ha-1(treatment B,TB), 4 500 m3·ha-1(treatment C,TC) by using of randomized block experimental design after winter wheat reviving stage in 2013, and the growth, photosynthesis characteristics and dry matter accumulation, yield and microclimate of winter wheat were observed. Next year, the field experiment of four different nitrogen levels of 0 kg·ha-1(N0), 104 kg·ha-1(N1), 173 kg·ha-1(N2) and 242 kg·ha-1(N3) were designed at the foundation of the best irrigation quantity last year to further study effects of different amount of nitrogen on winter wheat growth and development, nutrient accumulation and yield, which aim to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for winter wheat cultivation of high yield and water, fertilizer saving. The main results as follow:1. With the increasing of drip irrigation the transpiration rate of different treatments were increased significantly, and the net photosynthetic rate was improved along with increase irrigation appropriately but little when continued to increase irrigation. The water use efficiency of single leaf was the highest in TB, followed by TA and TC during all growth period. The total dry matter accumulation showed a “S” curve, and the duration of rapid growth in dry matter accumulation in TB and TA were extended 3d and 1d when compared with TA, respectively, then decreased in the maximum eigenvalue of speed. The 1000-grain weight were 47.19 g. 48.98 and 50.86 g under different treatments, the duration of grain filling delayed 3 to 7 days. The yield of TB was 20.55% and 6.86% higher than that in TA and TC, and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE) of TB was 18.99% higher than TC.2. The soil temperature cooling effects were enhanced remarkably in the late growth stage of winter wheat with the increasing amount of irrigation. Meanwhile, the temperature differences happened among treatments, which were 1.09℃, 1.61℃ and 0.52℃ for TA and TB, TA and TC,TB and TC, respectively. With the increase of irrigation the canopy temperature were decreased, while the canopy humidity showed the opposite trend. The canopy temperature differences went up to 3.68℃ between TA and TC on day 26 th after anthesis. Both soil evaporation and Ci were increased firstly and then decreased while the yield changed on the contrary. Besides, we found a significant negative correlation between soil temperature and yield, canopy temperature and yield, Ci and yield, whereas there were a strong positive correlation between canopy humidity and irrigation.3. With the increasing of nitrogen application, the variation trends of per plant dry matter were consistent in whole growth period, which showed fast increased then slow increased and slight down at last, compared with N1 and N3, both the days of the maximum dry matter accumulation rate occurred and the maximum increase rate of dry matter in N2 were ahead or higher than those in other treatments. The seeds weight increased in each period of grain filling, mean grain-filling rate and 1000-grain weight showed increased first and then decreased, and all of them reached the maximum in N2. The accumulation of N, P2O5 and K2 O of winter wheat were increased at different degree, and the days of rapid accumulation period was prolonged with higher level of nitrogen, but it did not obviously when out of range. The yield was also highest in N2(8 455.69 kg·ha-1), and higher 2.82%, 12.64% and 5.16% than N3, N1 and N0, respectively. With the increasing of nitrogen quantity, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPP) were decreased, and both of them were highest in N1,which were higher 16.64%,110.08%(NAE) and 37.58%,128.02%(NPP) than N2 and N3. Net income under different treatments were 10 521.3, 17 742, 18 697.4 and 17 948.9 yuan·ha-1, and N2 was higher 77.71%, 5.38% and 4.17% than that of N0, N1 and N3, respectively. |
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