Study On Techniques Of Organic Substrate Culture For Cucumber

In this paper, using cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as materials, the effect of planting bed shape, substrates quantity and fertilizer quantity on the growth, output, quality and photosynthesis characteristics of cucumber in the soilless culture system were studied, and the resultsare as follows:1. The effect of planting bed shape on the growth and development of cucumberAmong three planting bed shapes (the shallow planting foam trough, deep planting foam trough and flower pot), the plant growth, photosynthesis velocity and output were significantly higher in deep planting foam trough than in other two planting beds under the conditions of same substrates quantity, same fertilizer and water management and same plant adjusting.2. The effect of substrates quantity on the growth and development of cucumberIn the eco-organic soilless culture system, cucumber growth and output were affected by the substrates quantity. In this experiment, substrates of 1～5L per plant were used, and the more the substrate quantity, the better of cucumber growth and also the higher output was. However, there were no significant differences of growth and output of cucumber between 4L and 5L per plant. Considered the substrates cost, the benefit of 4L per plant were higher than 5L per plant with 370 yuan per 667m . In order to reduce cost and improve benefits, when rice hull ash and sawdust were used as substrates, 4L per plant, i.e. 8m³ per 667m², should be used.3. The effect of fertilizer quantity on the growth and development of cucumber in the eco-organic soilless culture systemIn eco-organic soilless culture system, the proper use of chemical fertilizer can improve plant growth and output of cucumber. In this experiment, the two more fertilizer treatments of dry swine waste 166.7g + NH₄H₂PO₄ 16.7g + composite fertilizer 16.7g per plant and dry swine waste 100g + NH₄H₂PO₄ 10g + composite fertilizer 10g per plant had the higher plant growth, chlorophyll content, carotenoidse content and photosynthesis rate. Except the nitrate content is higher than other treatments, the fruit quality such as soluble protein, total soluble sugar and Vc content is better than other treatments. The output of treatment dry swine waste 100g + NH₄H₂PO₄ 10g + composite fertilizer 10g per plant was not only higher than nutrient solution treatment, but also significant higher than other treatments.