| Chinese arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) is a perennial shallow water herb, and it is one of our country's aquatic vegetables which were planted in various parts of the country, mainly in the south of the Changjiang River basin and its provinces, cultivation each year in approximately 20,000 hectare. Edible part of Chinese arrowhead is accounted for 96%, which contains multiple nutrients, in addition to non-structural carbohydrate (sugar, starch), also contains calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and other minerals, vitamin B communities, choline and betaine. In recent year, with the continuous development of Chinese arrowhead processing products, Japan's demand continues to increase, the area under cultivation is also rapidly expanding trend in Jiangsu Baoying county annual cultivation in 3000 hectare above. Chinese arrowhead cultivation has become a vast region of rivers and lakes farmers optimize production and one of the good choices made them rich.Currently, Chinese arrowhead's breeding methods, cultivation techniques, pest prevention, resource conservation, and others has been studies, but the studies have not been related coverage involved Chinese arrowhead's carbohydrate accumulation. Starch is the main long-term storage material in Chinese arrowhead, an important component of the non-structural carbohydrate. The paper examined transplanting date, the density and fertilizer placed on production and the corm's non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and non-structural carbohydrate metabolism in corm in the field through winter. Verifying nutritional ingredients of the corm, providing a theoretical basis for the high quality cultivation and increasing vegetables exports are of great significance. Specific results were as follows:1. Studies on impact of yield and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in transplanting date and the density showed that transplanting date and the density of yield and non-structural carbohydrate content were significant impact; The optimal mix of the test programme were transplanting Suzhouhuang with 50cm x 50cm density in early July, the maximum output to 1030.4kg/667m2 with total starch content to 150.58 mg·g-1FW, amylose 77.73 mg·g-1FW, amylopectin 72.85 mg·g-1FW, the rate of amylopectin and amylose content to 0.94 and total soluble sugar content of 88.64 mg·g-1FW, sucrose 38.96 mg·g-1FW; Secondly, Baoyingziyuan in the same conditions, output were expected to reach 1475.0kg/667m2, with total starch content to 98.08 mg·g-1FW, amylose 58.48 mg·g-1FW, amylopectin 39.60 mg·g-1FW, the rate of amylopectin and amylose content to 0.68, and total soluble sugar content of 53.44 mg·g-1FW, sucrose 23.01 mg·g-1FW.2. Urea and KH2PO4 matched executing placed on production and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation studies showed that KH2PO4 and fertilizing date for production and non-structural carbohydrate content were significant; Suzhouhuang transplanting in early July should additionally fertilize KH2PO4 (including K2O30% and P2O550%) 30 kg/667m2 + urea (including N46%) 25 kg/667m2 in early September,with production of 1096.2kg/667m2, the big and middle corm of 69.5%, total starch content in the corm reached to163.22 mg·g-1FW, amylose 76.78 mg·g-1FW, amylopectin 86.44 mg·g-1FW, the rate of amylopectin and amylose content to 1.13, with total soluble sugar content of 86.93 mg·g-1FW, sucrose 17.51 mg·g-1FW, fructose 13.47 mg·g-1FW, reduced sugar 14.98 mg·g-1FW.3. Studies on metabolism of non-structural carbohydrate in corm in the field through winter showed that under the lower winter temperatures, water content always maintain at the lower levels, and especially declined, when the temperature rose, water content was rising slowly. Under lower temperatures, there was an upward trend of total soluble sugar content, as the temperature rose, gradual decline. Sucrose content changed in trends as total soluble sugar content. Reduced sugar content read a"drop-by-drop"change. Fructose content basically unchanged. In winter temperature reduced, total starch content basic stability with a slight decrease, and than with the temperature rise, droped. Amylopectin content declined gradually. Amylose content and the rate of amylopectin and amylose content had larger differences between varieties.
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