Preliminary Study On Regional Arrangement For Good-quality Wheat Growing In Central Shaanxi Area

Using wheat varieties of good quality and strong gluten type Shaan 253 and Shaan 225 to carry out experiments on regional arrangement for good-quality wheat for 144 times within 2 years successively in central Shaanxi area, starting from Hancheng city in the east to Longxian county in the west, altogether 33 counties (cities and districts), doing investigations on soil nutrition, wheat colony developments and quality, individual developments and quality, cultivation management modes (cultivating, sowing, fertilizing and irrigating) and kernel quality projects, combing factors like topography and landforms, meteorological agents (precipitation, temperature and illumination) and so on, we get the following results: the whole central Shaanxi area is the place for wheat of good quality and strong gluten type-winter wheat of middle gluten, hard and white kernel, and can be the production base for commodity grain of wheat with such a nature;further it can be divided into three sub-divisions, namely, division of central Shaanxi dry plateau of middle yield and strong gluten-middle gluten, hard and white wheat, division of central Shaanxi irrigation plain of high yield, strong gluten, hard and white wheat, division of central Shaanxi river-irrigation of high yield and middle gluten-strong gluten, hard and white wheat.1. Division of central Shaanxi dry plateau of middle yield and strong gluten-middle gluten, hard and white wheatLandforms like raised fields, gullies and shallow hills crisscross in this division and it has an elevation from 600m to 1000m, with some areas even reaching the height of 1200m;the division belongs to rain-fed and dry-land farming area and it is mainly one harvest per year for the wheat;the annual precipitation is 450-600mm but autumn rainstorm and successive rain take up over 60% of the total precipitation and very often the precipitation is below 40% in the season of wheat growth, therefore it is a quite important agricultural approach to save water in soil in summer and autumn. Wheat in the division roughly takes up 60% of the total cultivated area with the rest being autumn crops, fruits and trees, nearly 14% of the total wheat area in central Shaanxi, that is below 0.18 million hm~2. Taking Xi'an to Yan'an road as its line of demarcation, this division is divided into east and west districts. East district includes the northern part of counties (cities) like Hancheng, Heyang, Chencheng, Pucheng and Fuping, the southern part of Huanglong, Yichuan and Luochuan and the whole counties (cities) of Baishui, Tongchuan and Yaoxian. Wheat variety in this district is winter wheat characterized by small seedling before winter, high resistance to cold, tall plant, smallcolony, relatively low yield, great hardness of kernel, high rate of cutin, high weight per volume, thin husk, bright color and fine luster, thus this variety sells well. Dry-resistance and high temperature-resistance should be indispensable features of the varieties in this district because in the area precipitation is on the low side, air is dry and the amount of evaporation is much.West district includes the northern part of Liquan, Qianxian, Fufeng and Qishan, the whole areas of Chunhua, Xunyi, Yongshou, Binxian and Changwu and partial hillside areas in Baoji, Qianyang and Longxian. Compared with the east district, wheat varieties in the west district have relatively low index of dry-resistance and living through winter, relatively low stem, great yield potentiality, low needed intensity of dry-resistance and high temperature-resistance and less fine luster of the kernel than that of the east.2. Division of central Shaanxi irrigation plain of high yield, strong gluten, hard and white wheatThe division has a large wheat area, approximately 0.8 million hm2, roughly taking up more than 60% of the wheat-growing areas in central Shaanxi area. It has the elevation between 400m and 600m and good ecological conditions. The division includes the southern part of Hancheng, Heyang, Chencheng, Pucheng, Fuping, Liquan, Qianxian, Fufeng, Qishan and Fenxiang, the northern part of Dali and Linwei and the whole area in counties (cities and districts) like Yanliang. Gaoling, Sanyuan, Jingyang, Xianyang (the urban district), Xingping, Wugong and Yangling. Wheat varieties in this division have greater yield potentiality and quality performance than those of southern irrigation belt and these features are quite stable;in addition, wheat varieties in the area are mainly weak winter wheat characterized by half-dwarf stalk (75-80 cm), macro-colony with more wheat heads, bigger kernel and above 7500kg/hm2 high-yield potentiality.3. Division of central Shaanxi river-irrigation of high yield and middle gluten-strong gluten, hard and white wheatThis division has an elevation of 320-480m and 0.32 million hm2 wheat area. It starts from Tongguan in the east till Longxian along the Weihe River, including areas on both sides of the river and the southern part of the river till the long and narrow district from east to west in the northern part of Qinglin, specifically areas along the Weihe River of Huayin, Huaxian, Weinan (Linwei district), Lintong, Chang'an, Huxian, Zhouzhi, Meixian, Baoji, Qianyang and Longxian.